环剥对贵长猕猴桃果实品质及产量的影响

Effect of Girdling Treatments on Fruit Quality and Yields of Guichang Kiwifruit

【目的】探明不同时期、不同部位环剥处理对贵长猕猴桃果实品质和产量的影响,为贵长猕猴桃提质增效配套栽培提供理论及技术支持。【方法】以生长势强、主干胸径4 cm以上的7年生贵长猕猴桃为试验材料,分别进行谢花后20 d环剥主干+谢花后80 d环剥主干(处理1)、谢花后20 d环剥主干+谢花后80 d环剥结果母枝(处理2)、谢花后20 d环剥结果母枝+谢花后80 d环剥主干(处理3)、谢花后20 d环剥结果母枝+谢花后80 d环剥结果母枝(处理4)处理,以不环剥为对照(CK),对比不同环剥处理贵长猕猴桃的果实品质、产量性状和经济效益。【结果】环剥处理能提升猕猴桃果实品质,其中,单果质量、纵径和横径均较CK分别高7.12%~8.50%、5.96%~7.39%和4.28%~5.23%,果形指数相差不大;可溶性固形物和可溶性糖分别提高3.97%~7.86%和10.79%~20.61%,可滴定酸含量降低3.76%~6.77%,固酸比和糖酸比分别提高8.25%~13.23%、15.30%~27.52%,V C含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别增加6.72%~14.99%和15.38%~46.15%;经灰色关联度分析,不同处理猕猴桃果实品质以处理1较佳,灰色关联度值达0.78。各处理产量较CK增加7.13%~8.51%,增幅显著;除处理4因环剥劳务费用较高而纯收益比CK低161.59元/667m^(2)外,处理1、处理2和处理3的纯收益分别增加564.18元/667m^(2)、100.99元/667m^(2)和162.60元/667m^(2)。【结论】环剥处理能较好地促进果实的纵向和横向生长,明显提高果实的单果质量,显著增加果实的可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量,提高固酸比和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸的含量,增强猕猴桃口感和营养品质。以谢花后20 d环剥主干+谢花后80 d环剥主干处理猕猴桃果实的品质提升幅度最大,产量增幅较高,经济效益最高。

【Objective】The effects of different girdling treatments at different stages on the fruit quality and yield were explored,so as to provide theoretical and technical support of compound cultivation of Guichang kiwifruit with quality and yield improvement.【Method】With no girdling treatment as CK,four treatments(Treatment 1:girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 20 d after flowering+girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 80 d after flowering;Treatment 2:girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 20 d after flowering+girdling treatment to the fruit-bearing branch on 80 d after flowering;Treatment 3:girdling treatment to the fruit-bearing branch on 20 d after flowering+girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 80 d after flowering;Treatment 4:girdling treatment to the fruit-bearing branch on 20 d after flowering+girdling treatment to the fruit-bearing branch on 80 d after flowering)were applied on the 7-year Guichang kiwifruit with strong growth and more than 4 cm diameter of main vine,respectively,so that the quality,yield and economical benefits were compared.【Result】Girdling treatments can significantly improve the quality of kiwifruit,among which the single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter were 7.12%-8.50%,5.96%-7.39%and 4.28%-5.23%higher than CK,respectively,while there were no significant difference in shape index.Compared with CK,the soluble solids,soluble sugar,SSC/TA,sugar-acid ratio,Vc content and soluble protein increased by 3.97%-7.86%,10.79%-20.61%,8.25%-13.23%,15.30%-27.52%,6.72%-14.99%and 15.38%-46.15%,respectively,while the titratable acid decreased by 3.76%-6.77%.The gray relational analysis indicated that the fruit quality was the best treated with Treatment 1,whose gray correlation coefficient was 0.78.The theoretical yield of all treatments increased significantly with 7.13%-8.51%high than CK.In addition to the net income of Treatment 4 was 161.59 Yuan/667m^(2)lower than CK due to the higher labor cost,the net income of Treatment 1,Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 increased by 564.18 Yuan/667m^(2),100.99 Yuan/667m^(2)and 162.60 Yuan/667m^(2),separately.【Conclusion】Girdling treatments could effectively promote the longitudinal and transverse growth of kiwifruit,significantly improve the single fruit weight,SSC/TA and sugar-acid ratio,increase the soluble solids content,soluble sugar acid content,flavor and nutrients and decrease titratable acid.The girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 20 d after flowering+girdling treatment to the main kiwi vine on 80 d after flowering improved the quality of Guichang kiwifruit the most,increased most yield and had the highest economical benefits.