人观、对话与自觉:人类学视域下学校仪式教育的主体性转向——基于小学田野作业的反思

Human Perspective,Dialogue and Consciousness:The Subjective Turnover of the School Ritual Education from the Anthropology Perspective:Reflections Based on Primary School Fieldwork

仪式本身并不重要,只有参与者的言语、行动、思想与情感与之交汇时,它才变得重要起来。实现学校仪式教育的主体性转向,揭示仪式过程中人与人、人与社会、人与文化之间的相互建构关系,才能在广阔的教育生活中探求其本真意义。首先,仪式目的的建构,要以“人观”理念为指向,培养具有人文精神、必备品格、崇高信仰的“完整的人”;其次,仪式过程的推进,要以“对话理性”为导向,实现全体受礼者与仪式文本的对话、参与者的在场性对话以及师生的互动性对话;最后,对仪式价值本意的追求,要以“生命体验”为旨归,促进儿童“主体自觉”“生命自觉”以及“文化自觉”的培养与生成。

The ritual itself is not important.It only becomes important when the words,actions,thoughts and emotions of the participants intersect with it.Only by realizing the subjective turnover of school ritual education and revealing the mutual construction relationship between people,between people and society,and between people and culture in the process of rituals,can we explore its true meaning in the broad educational life.First,the construction of the purposes of ritual should be guided by the concept of“Personhood”,so as to cultivate“whole person”with humanistic spirit,necessary character and lofty belief.Second,the advancement of the ritual process should be guided by“dialogue rationality”,so as to realize the dialogue between all recipients and ritual texts,“presence dialogue”among the participants,and the interactive dialogue between teachers and students.Third,the exploration of original value of ritual should aim at“life experience”,so as to cultivate and generate children s“subject consciousness”,“life consciousness”and“cultural consciousness”.