黄式三史事易学述评

Review of Huang Shisan’s Historical Events and Philosophy of Changes

黄式三频繁使用史事易学的方法释《易》,反映了清代史事易学繁盛的时代特征。黄式三以史解《易》的长处,主要表现为三个方面:首先,引史适度,当史与《易》相符则加以征引,而不每卦均征引史事,徒生牵强之嫌;其次,以史解《易》的方法具体而丰富,对不同卦采用譬喻以明卦象、直书以申卦义、推演《易》之产生、辨析前代史易等不同方法,有针对性地加以注解;再次,引史的范围广泛,兼取《易》产生前、后之史,对于熟识且契合易义的史事则多次征引,以更加充分地解释易义,阐发易理。

Huang Shisan,a scholar in the Qing Dynasty,frequently used historical events and philosophy of changes to explain Yi(The Booik of Changes),reflecting the prosperous characteristics of the times in terms of historical events and philosophy of changes in the Qing Dynasty.The strong points of Huang Shisan’s interpretation of Yi with historical events are mainly manifested in the following three aspects:first of all,with moderate quotation of historical events,Huang Shisan quoted the historical events to explain Yi only when they are consistent with Yi instead of his quotation of historical events for every divinatory symbol in order to avoid the suspicion of resulting in the forced interpretation;secondly,the method of interpreting Yi with historical events is specific and rich.He adopted metaphors for different divinatory symbols to show their manifestation of a divination,to express the meaning of hexagrams with direct explanation,to deduce the generation of Yi and discriminate the previous generation of historical events and philosophy of changes.Finally,the scope of quoting the historical events is extensive,including the historical events before and after the generation of Yi(The Book of Changes),Huang Shisan quoted many times those historical events with which he was familiar and which match the meaning of Yi in order to explain both the meaning and principles of Yi(The Book of Changes)more fully.