论乔伊斯对阿奎那思想的借鉴和发展

On Joyce's Reference to and Development of Aqinas􀆳Thoughts

阿奎那对乔伊斯产生了深远的影响,但乔伊斯并未囿于阿奎那的思想,而是对其进行了创造性发展和运用。借鉴阿奎那的美学思想,乔伊斯发展出自己的审美三阶段和“颖悟”说;借鉴阿奎那的宗教“三位一体”说,乔伊斯发展出自己独特的人物群塑造艺术;乔伊斯小说中的“容纳、平和”主题和“超越”艺术观也与阿奎那的生活观与艺术观具有密切联系。需要注意的是,阿奎那的思想不等于乔伊斯的思想,它的作用仅限于三点:一是有助于说明乔伊斯美学思想的形成过程,二是充当了乔伊斯美学思想的促发剂,三是被乔伊斯融入自己的思想。这些作用被斯蒂芬比作了一盏灯的作用,它只是被乔伊斯自己借用,为他自己指路,借着它的点化,他能自己有所成就。

Aquinas sheds great influence on Joyce,but Joyce does not confine himself to Aquinas􀆳thoughts.Instead,he develops and makes good use of them.On the basis of Aquinas􀆳theory of“Ad pulcritudinem tria”,Joyce develops his own theories of three phases of apprehending beauty and“epiphany”;through referring to Aquinas􀆳thoughts of“holy trinity”,Joyce develops his own peculiar art of the characterization of character groups;Joyce's themes of“all-inclusiveness and acquiescence”and his art of“transcendence”also have close relationships with Aquinas􀆳concepts of life and art.What should be paid attention to is that Aquinas􀆳thought does not equal Joyce's and its functions are limited to the following three aspects:first,it helps to show the process of the formation of Joyce's aesthetics;second,it plays the role of stimulating Joyce's aesthetics;third,it is assimilated to Joyce's own thought.Such functions are compared to those of a lamp by Stephen,which he needs only for his own use and guidance until he has done something for himself by its light.