海口湾沉积物重金属分布及生态危害研究

Distribution and Ecological Hazard of Heavy Metals In Sediments of Haikou Bay

以海口湾海底网格法布设的19个站位表层沉积物样品为研究对象,测试As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Hg等8种重金属,采用地积累指数、生态危害指数等方法分析评价海口湾重金属的分布特征和污染状况。海口湾表层沉积物重金属元素以Hg和Cd生态危害程度为强,占主导地位,As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等元素生态危害程度较弱,为轻微级别;大部分区域的生态危害指数为轻微或中等程度,只有个别区域危害指数较高,达到强或很强级别;海口湾综合环境质量评价良好,但近岸海域变差的趋势明显,应引起重视。

The surface sediment samples of 19 stations in Haikou Bay were studied by grid method.Eight heavy metals including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Hg were tested.The distribution characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in Haikou Bay were analyzed and evaluated by cluster analysis,geoaccumulation index and ecological hazard index.In the surface sediments of Haikou Bay,the ecological hazards of heavy metal elements such As Hg and Cd are strong and dominant,while the ecological hazards of elements such as As,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn are weak and slight.The ecological hazard index of most regions is slight or medium degree,only a few regions have higher hazard index,reaching the level of strong or strong.The comprehensive environmental quality evaluation of Haikou Bay is good,but the trend of the coastal area deterioration is obvious,which should be paid attention to.