城市湿地公园生态信息模型建构及设计应用——以白鹭湾湿地公园为例

Construction and design application of ecological information model for urban wetland park——Taking Bailuwan Wetland Park as an example

为了降低城市湿地公园生态分析评价过程中经验主导的模糊性,使项目决策、规划、建设、管理更加合理、客观、准确、科学、高效,促进城市湿地公园生态系统的良性健康发展,采用BIM技术对地理、高程、坡向、坡度、汇水通道、湿地及水域、动物主要活动分布、湿地植物分布、景点分布、建筑与铺装人工设施分布等具体生态因子进行采集、录入、解译处理以及综合叠加分析的方法,完成生态信息模型建构,获取生态敏感区域、生态结构的斑块与廊道分布结构、重点保护区域等信息,继而将信息评价结果与现有地表资源再次对比,得出城市湿地公园内部生态要素的相互影响规律并提出搭建完整的林地斑块、水体边缘植被后期维护、入侵物种防范等建议,保障生态安全结构的稳定;同时搭建的城市湿地公园BIM信息模型以及该技术的应用流程与方法也能为其他城市湿地公园规划建设、评价提供量化参考,发挥更综合的生态价值。

In order to reduce the experience led ambiguity in the ecological analysis and evaluation process of urban wetland parks,made project decision-making,planning,construction,and management more reasonable,objective,accurate,scientific,and efficient,and promoted the healthy development of the urban wetland park ecosystem.BIM technology was used to analyze the geographical elevation,slope direction,slope,catchment channels,wetlands and water bodies,distribution of main animal activities,distribution of wetland plants,and distribution of scenic spots and the method of collecting,inputting,interpreting,and analyzing specific ecological factors such as the distribution of artificial facilities in buildings and pavement,as well as comprehensive overlay analysis was used to complete the construction of an ecological information model,obtained information on the most sensitive ecological areas,the distribution structure of patches and corridors in ecological structures,and areas that needed to be protected,then compared the information evaluation results with existing surface resources again.At the same time,worked out the mutual influence regularity between ecological elements within urban wetland parks and proposed suggestions for establishing the whole forest land patch,later maintenance of vegetation near the water,prevention of invasive species,and guaranteed the structure of ecological security stable.A more important effect was that the BIM information model of urban wetland parks and the application process and methods of this technology could also provide quantitative references for the planning,construction,and evaluation of other urban wetland parks,and played a more comprehensive ecological value.