miRNA和lncRNA调控巨噬细胞极化在变应性疾病中的作用

Role of regulation of macrophage polarization by miRNA and IncRNA in allergic diseases

巨噬细胞是免疫系统重要的吞噬细胞及抗原呈递细胞,广泛分布于人体各个组织。巨噬细胞的可塑性极强,组织微环境的变化可使其极化为不同的表型并表现出不同的生物学功能,如经典途径激活的M1促炎型和替代途径激活的M2抗炎型。其中,M2型巨噬细胞在变应性疾病中占主导地位,并与变应性疾病的发生发展密切相关。微小RNA(miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是巨噬细胞极化及快速重编程中的关键调节因子,miRNA和lncRNA的差异表达可影响巨噬细胞的极化状态及免疫调节能力。本文对miRNA和lncRNA调控巨噬细胞极化在变应性疾病中的作用进行综述,以期为变应性疾病发病机制研究及临床诊治开辟全新的视角。

Macrophages are one kind of important phagocytes and antigen presenting cells in immune system,which are widely distributed in various tissues of human body.Macrophages are of extreme plasticity,which can be polarized into different phenotypes with different biological functions such as pro-inflammatory classically activated M1 and anti-inflammatory alternatively activated M2 macrophages due to microenvironmental changes of tissues.M2 macrophages play a dominant role and closely related to occurrence and development of allergic diseases.MicroRNA(miRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)are key regulators in polarization and rapid reprogramming of macrophages.The polarization state and immunomodulatory ability of macrophages can be affected by differential expression of miRNA and lncRNA.The role of miRNA and lncRNA in regulation of macrophage polarization in allergic diseases were reviewed in this paper,in order to open up a new perspective for study of pathogenesis,clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.