财政补贴对增殖型海洋牧场经营企业绩效的影响——基于碳汇友好型与非碳汇友好型的划分

The Effect of Financial Subsidies on the Performance of Proliferative Marine Ranching Operational Enterprises:Based on carbon sink friendly and non-carbon sink friendly division

财政补贴是建设海洋牧场、增殖海洋生物资源、扩增海洋碳汇的重要调控手段。文章依据财政补贴的生态和经济目标,细分碳汇友好型补贴和非碳汇友好型补贴,并以2008—2020年现有的海参类、鱼类和贝类上市增殖型海洋牧场经营企业为数据来源,分析2种补贴对企业绩效的差异化影响。研究表明:2011年前非碳汇友好型补贴的效果优于碳汇友好型补贴,而2011年后则相反。碳汇友好型补贴对增殖型海洋牧场经营企业绩效存在差异化影响:对于海参类牧场来说,影响由大到小依次为人工鱼礁补贴、增殖放流补贴、生境修复补贴;对于鱼类牧场来说,影响由大到小依次为增殖放流补贴、生境修复补贴、人工鱼礁补贴;对于贝类牧场来说,生境修复补贴和增殖放流补贴的效果不明显。研究结果不仅从时间层面验证碳汇友好型补贴对促进海洋牧场建设的可喜成效,而且对未来优化海洋牧场财政补贴政策具有借鉴意义。

Financial subsidies are an important regulatory tool for building marine ranches,increasing marine biological resources and expanding marine carbon sinks.This paper subdivided carbon sink friendly subsidies and non-carbon sink friendly subsidies based on the ecological and economic objectives of financial subsidies,and analyzed the differential effects of these two types of subsidies on the business performance using data from 2008 to 2020 of existing sea cucumber,fish and shellfish listed proliferative marine ranching operational enterprises.The main results were as follows:Non-carbon sink friendly subsidies outperformed carbon sink friendly subsidies before 2011,while the reverse was evident after 2011.There were differential effects of carbon sink friendly subsidies on the performance of proliferative marine ranching operational enterprises.For sea cucumber ranches,the sequence from largest to smallest is artificial reef subsidies,stocking subsidies,habitat restoration subsidies.For fish ranches,the sequence from largest to smallest is stocking subsidies,habitat restoration subsidies,artificial reef subsidies.For shellfish ranches,habitat restoration subsidies and stocking subsidies were not effective.The findings not only verify the promising effect of carbon sink friendly subsidies on the construction of marine ranches on a temporal level,but also provide guidance for optimizing the financial subsidy policies of marine ranches in the future.