分合有术:明代宁夏镇分路防区时空演变过程探究

The Art of Dividing and Combining:An Exploration of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Divided Defense Zone in Ningxia Town during the Ming Dynasty

九边分路防守体制是明中后期于北疆实行的分路防守制度,属营兵制指导下的一种战时防区制度。宁夏镇是明代九边重镇之一,其分路防守格局随着蒙古军队进犯态势的变化而发生变化。目前学界对其分路防区的形成与演变过程看法不一,多以“四路说”为定论。揆诸史实,结合实录、方志与九边图籍等文献资料,探讨宁夏镇各路防区的军事地理特征、分路防守体制形成与变化的驱动因素,总结出明代宁夏镇分路防区实际上历经了“三路防区—五路防区—两大总防区”三个阶段。

The“Nine Frontiers Split Road Defense System”was a split road defense system implemented on the northern border in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,which was a wartime defense zone system under the guidance of the battalion system.Ningxia town is one of the nine border towns in the Ming Dynasty,and the pattern of its division of defense changed with the changes in the Mongolian army’s offensive situation.At present,the academic community on the formation and evolution of its road defense area of the process of different views,mostly to“four roads that”as the definitive theory.Considering the historical facts,the author explores the military-geographical characteristics of each road defense zone of Ningxia town,the driving factors of the formation and changes of the road defense system,and concludes that the road defense zone of Ningxia town during the Ming Dynasty actually went through three stages:“three road defense zone-five road defense zone-two general defense zones”,combining documentary materials such as factual records,prescriptions,and nine border diagrams.