西夏文献的语文特征

The Linguistic Features of Tangut Literature

从唐代开始,党项人即与操汉语西北方言的汉人接触和深度交融,并在其治理下的贺兰山和河西走廊范围内,逐渐形成了一种带有党项人特殊腔调的汉语,我们称之为“党项式”汉语。这种汉语特征不仅集中反映在西夏文献用来标记梵文、党项语、藏语的特殊汉字中,而且反映在用“切身”或“形声训读”拼合而成的西夏字中,从而构成了西夏文献有别于其他时代文献的语文特征。拣选西夏文献中代表其语文特征的标志性汉字和西夏字,说明其字形和字音所蕴含的声韵特征,并以此为参照分析这些语文特征对于甄别元代遗存文献、文物的价值与意义。

Since the Tang Dynasty,Tangut people contacted and deeply integrated with Han Chinese people who spoke the northwest dialect of Chinese,and gradually formed a kind of Chinese with the special tone of Tangut in the Helan Mountain and“Hexi Corridor”under their governance,which is called“Tangut style”Chinese.Such Chinese features are not only concentrated in the special Chinese characters used to transliterated Sanskrit,Tangut and Tibetan,but also in the Tangut characters combined with“Qieshen”(切身)or“physical and vocal instruction”,thus forming the linguistic features of Tangut literature which are different from those of other times.This paper selects the symbolic Chinese characters and characters representing the language characteristics of the Xixia Dynasty,explains the phonological features contained behind the character forms and sound,and further analyzes the value and significance of these language features for the identification of the Yuan Dynasty’s remaining documents and cultural relics.