环境史视野下的三线建设研究——以816工程为线索的方法论探讨

Research on the Third-line Construction From the Perspective of Environmental History——Discussion on Methodology With the Clue of 816 Project

三线建设是中华人民共和国在严峻的国际形势下实施的大规模国防基础设施建设,目的是利用辽阔幅员和纵深腹地应对现代战争,在自然环境的掩映下保障中国核心工业的生存与发展,因此涉及诸多环境史议题。816工程是地处西南的三线建设重点项目,其选址、建设以及后来的发展变迁均需考虑环境因素,涉及与环境的多方互动。通过对该工程的进一步考察发现,三线建设的环境史研究应在整体史的分析脉络中考察人与自然的关系。此外,该工程现存的档案史料中有诸多涉及环境问题,为进一步开展三线建设环境史研究提供了可能。总之,无论是816工程的环境史个案研究,还是其提供的分析路径和研究方法,均显示三线建设的环境史研究应立足整体、把握地方、多维分析,以进一步深化对相关问题的研究。

The third-line construction was a large-scale national defense infrastructure construction implemented by the People's Republic of China under the severe international situation.The purpose was to use the vast territory and deep hinterland to cope with the modern war,and protect the survival and development of China's core industry under the cover of the natural environment,so it involved many environmental history issues.816 Project was a key third-line construction project located in the southwest.Its site selection,construction and subsequent development and changes needed to consider environmental factors,involving multiple interactions with the environment.Through further investigation of the project,it was found that the environmental history study of the third-line construction should examine the relationship between human and nature in the context of the overall history analysis.In addition,there are many environmental issues in the existing archives and historical materials of the project,which provides the possibility for further research on the environmental history of the third-line construction.In short,both the environmental history case study of the 816 Project and the analysis path and method provided by it show that the environmental history study of the third-line construction should be based on the overall,local and multidimensional analysis to further deepen the study of relevant issues.