大学生创业意愿的演变趋势、驱动因素与效能影响

The Evolution Trend,Driving Force and Impact of College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention

创业动机理论多强调个体认知差异,而缺乏对个体认知趋同的关注。本文从社会认知趋同视角提出了个体认知、社会认知和创业情境共同作用于创业意愿的分析框架,构建出就业压力受教育认知异化影响负向冲击大学生创业决策的概念模型,并基于29所财经类院校跨年度问卷数据检验发现:大学生创业意愿存在持续性下滑趋势;考研、考公等社会认知的趋同是导致就业压力不断挤出创业意愿的关键;具有更高科研参与度的大学生会呈现出更高的创业意愿,而持有更高创业意愿的大学生会对自身在校学习经历具有更高的满意度。文章从社会认知趋同视角反思了大学生创业动力内生缺失的原因,揭示了科研实践对创业意愿养成的积极影响以及在大学生心理健康方面的理论意涵,为优化高校创业教育、推进创新创业激励政策改革提供了理论参考。

Based on the empirical test of multi-annual questionnaire data from 29 economics universities,the research finds that:The entrepreneurial intention of college students has a continuous decline from 2017 to 2019,and the crowding-out effect of postgraduate study or study abroad caused by the pressure of the job market on entrepreneurship is an important reason for the continuous decline.Then,similar to participating in social practice,active participation in scientific research also helps to improve college students' intention to start a business,because scientific research can improve individual decision-making ability,form a learning-oriented psychological trait,and enhance psychological resilience.Moreover,the BIC test results show that participating in scientific research is an important factor in developing entrepreneurial intention rather than a minor factor.Finally,students with high entrepreneurial intention will show higher satisfaction with their own learning experience and self-cognition.The causal mediation effect test shows that help from teachers or other students is an important mediating mechanism that triggers high satisfaction.dual cognitive convergence.First,this paper proposes an analytical framework for individual cognition,social cognition and entrepreneurial situation to jointly influence entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of social cognition convergence,and constructs a conceptual model that employment pressure is influenced by educational cognitive alienation and negatively impacts college students' entrepreneurial decision-making.Therefore,for the first time,the ubiquitous behavioral convergence characteristics of contemporary college students are included in the research process of entrepreneurial decision-making,and used as a logic to explain the motivation behind the decline of college students' entrepreneurial intention under the background of policy incentives.Second,in addition to exploring the inhibitory factors of entrepreneurial intention,this paper also proves that the improvement of scientific research participation is conducive to the formation of college students' entrepreneurial intention,so it is the first time that the scientific research factor is included in the analysis framework of the influence factors of entrepreneurial incentives.Third,by exploring the impact of entrepreneurial intention on college students' learning satisfaction,the research on entrepreneurial motivation is extended to the scope of college students' mental health research.This paper provides a theoretical reference for optimizing entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and promoting the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship incentive policies.