当事人缺席的基本性质与科学规制——基于比较法上的分析

The Fundamental Nature and Scientific Regulation of Absence of the Parties--A Comparative Law Analysis

在民事诉讼中,为加快诉讼程序的推进,保障出席的当事人的诉讼利益,《民事诉讼法》应对当事人的缺席进行规制。厘定当事人缺席的基本性质乃科学规制当事人缺席的逻辑起点。出席庭审不是当事人的诉讼权利,也不是当事人的诉讼义务,而是当事人应尽的诉讼法上的负担。缺席即为当事人对其应尽的诉讼法上的负担的不履行。为因应缺席的基本性质,《民事诉讼法》应区分对待一方当事人缺席与双方当事人同时缺席,进而作不同的规制。一方当事人缺席时,基于平等原则的内在要求,应对缺席的当事人课以相同的诉讼上的不利益。双方当事人同时缺席时,除裁判成熟可以裁判外,受诉法院通常只能裁定延展期日甚至中止诉讼程序。

In civil litigation,the absence of parties should be regulated by the Civil Procedure Law in order to expedite the proceedings and to protect the interests of the parties present.Clarifying the basic nature of absence of the parties is the logical starting point for the regulating of absence of the parties scientifically.Attendance at court is not a procedural right or a procedural obligation of the parties,but a burden of procedural law that the parties had to fulfll.Absence is Parties'non-fulfilment of burden of procedural law.In order to response the fundamental nature of absence,the Code of Civil Procedure should regulate the absence of a party and the simultaneous absence of parties distinguishingly.when a party is absent,based on the inherent requirements of the principle of equality,the absent party shall be imposed the same adjudicative disbenefits.In the case of simultaneous absence of parties,the court may usually only decide to extend the period of trial or even to suspend the proceedings,except when the decision is mature.