促进职务科技成果转化的行政法路径研究

Research on the Administrative Law Path to Promote the Transformation of Job-related Scientific and Technological chievements

职务科技成果转化的法律规范,主要涉及民法和行政法。单纯以民法调整职务科技成果转化活动,不能有效界定“职务科技成果”,不能完整体现成果权益,难以独立决定权益归属,也无法健全收益和风险分配机制。只有从行政法路径构建基础概念、权益归属以及奖酬和风险等核心制度内容,才能符合职务科技成果转化在国家创新体系中的重要地位。因为行政法具有维护科技创新公共利益和公平有序市场环境的特有功能。而现有的行政法律存在着明显的漏洞,忽视了最应关注的转化各方利益分歧,也未有效利用非强制性的行政手段。应当构建促进职务科技成果转化的行政法律规范体系,扩大财政资金成果的权属约定自由和多元化激励手段,并系统化保障机制。

The legal regulation of the transformation of job-related scientific and technological achievements mainly involves civil law and administrative law.The civil law alone cannot effectively define"Job-related scientific and technological achievements",fully reflect the rights and interests of the achievements,independently determine the attribution of rights and interests,or improve the mechanism of income and risk distribution.Only by building the basic concept,the attribution of rights and interests,as well as the reward and risk as the key contents from the administrative law path,can the important status of the transformation of job-related scientific and technological achievements be met in the national innovation system.Because the special function of administrative law is to maintain the public interest of scientific and technological innovation and to promote the fair and orderly market environment.Nevertheless,the existing administrative law has obvious loopholes,which are about ignoring the divergent interests of the transformation parties and not effectively using non-coercive administrative means.The administrative law path should be completed on constructing rational administrative laws and regulations system to promote the transformation of job-related scientific and technological achievements embodied,expanding the freedom of agreement on the ownership of the results of financial funds,diversifying the incentive means,and systematizing the guarantee mechanism.