政府信息公开中的国家秘密认定与争议解决

Identification and Dispute Resolution of State Secrets in Government Information Disclosure

《保守国家秘密法》规定应当将泄露后可能损害国家安全与利益的事项确定为国家秘密,《政府信息公开条例》规定属于国家秘密的政府信息绝对不予公开。然而,全面考察有关国家秘密确定的法律规范和实践状况,可以发现我国存在保密过宽的问题,阻碍了政府信息公开工作的推进,而且在涉及国家秘密不予公开的政府信息公开诉讼中,法院仅对国家秘密做有限形式审查,无法实质性解决涉案争议。因此,一方面,有必要对国家秘密的认定予以限缩,以比例原则为遵循、严格限定定密范围、升级禁止定密条款以规范国家秘密的确定标准,同时完善国家秘密的确定程序;另一方面,应当设立信息委员会负责对国家秘密进行实质审查,与法院的形式审查分工合作,以实质性解决涉及国家秘密的行政争议。

The Law on Guarding State Secrets stipulates that matters that may harm national security and interests after disclosure should be determined as state secrets,the Regulation of Government Infor-mation Disclosure stipulates that government information that is determined as state secrets shall not be disclosed to the public.However,after a comprehensive survey of the legal norms and practices related to the determination of state secrets,it can be found that the scope of confidentiality in China is too broad,which hinders the progress of government information disclosure.Moreover,in the government in-formation disclosure proceedings involving the non-disclosure of state secrets,the court only conducts a limited formal review of state secrets,which can not substantially resolve the disputes involved.There-fore,on the one hand,it is necessary to limit the identification of state secrets,follow the principle of proportionality,strictly limit the scope of state secrets,upgrade the clause that stipulates some matters are prohibited from being identified as state secrets to law to standardize the criteria for determining state secrets,and improve the procedures for determining state secrets.On the other hand,an informa-tion committee should be established to be responsible for substantive review of state secrets,and to co-operate with the courts that responsible for formal review to substantially resolve administrative disputes involving state secrets.