赤水河流域内贵州仁怀典型站点的水化学特征研究

A Study on the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Typical Sites in Renhuai,Guizhou in the Chishui River Basin

赤水河流经川、滇、黔三省,是长江上游的重要支流。本研究以赤水河流域的茅台镇为起点,途径二合镇,到达合马镇进行丰水期河水采样,探寻水化学元素组分的空间特征。河水pH值在二合镇渡口为最低(7.74),茅台镇-合马镇河段的平均值为8.35;硫酸盐的浓度先上升再下降,其中最大值出现在二合镇渡口(58.63 mg/L);氯离子浓度范围为6-9 mg/L。采用单因子指数法对该流域地表水进行了水质综合评价,计算得到综合污染指数(P值)为0.01-0.64,总磷在0.32左右,该河段主要的磷源是居民生活污水、农业施肥和酒厂工业废水。而硝酸盐P值在0.20-0.40,硫酸盐、氯化物、总铁、总锰等4项的P值小于0.20。

The Chishui River flows through Sichuan,Yunnan and Qian provinces and is an important main stream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.In this study,we started from Maotai Town in the Chishui River Basin,passed through Erhe Town,and arrived in Hema Town for river water sampling during the flood period to explore the spatial characteristics of water chemical elements.The pH value of the river water was the lowest in Erhe Town(7.74),and the average value of the Maotai Town-Hema Town section was 8.35,and the sulfate concentration first increased and then decreased,and the maximum value occurred in Erhe Town Ferry(58.63 mg/L).Chloride concentrations range from 6 to 9 mg/L.The comprehensive evaluation of water quality of surface water in the basin was carried out by the single-factor index method,and the comprehensive pollution index(P value)was calculated to be 0.01-0.64,and the total phosphorus was about 0.32.The P-value of nitrate is 0.20-0.40,and the P value of 4 items such as sulfate,chloride,total iron and total manganese is less than 0.20.