SS31菌肥对玫瑰香葡萄土壤微生物代谢及叶片荧光特性的影响

Effects of SS31 Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Metabolism and Leaf Fluorescence Characteristics of Muscat Hamburg Grape

采用Biolog-ECO方法明确SS31菌肥处理后土壤微生物群落代谢特征,并结合荧光数据解释SS31菌肥提高葡萄叶片光合性能的机制和有效性,研究结果将为SS31菌肥在葡萄上的推广应用提供科学依据。以“玫瑰香”葡萄幼苗为试材,设计6个浓度SS31菌肥处理,测定土壤微生物代谢活性、多样性指数,对31种营养物质的利用率、叶片叶绿素荧光参数等指标进行测定。SS31菌肥处理不同程度提高了土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数。其中,T_(2)处理在提高土壤微生物群落代谢活性、丰富度、优势种群的地位和多样性方面效果较好。菌肥处理促进了土壤微生物对碳水化合物、羧酸、氨基酸和胺类的利用,增强了土壤微生物对β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、D-木糖、D-甘露醇等单一营养物质的代谢活性。适宜浓度菌肥处理能够提高叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和光合性能指数(PI_(ABS))。其中,T_(2)处理显著提高了单位面积有活性反应中心的数量(RC/CS_(o))和单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量(ET_(o)/RC),明显降低了单位反应中心耗散的能量(DIo/RC),最终诱导叶片光能利用潜力的增强。综上,SS31菌肥处理能够有效增强玫瑰香葡萄根域土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性。其中,T_(2)处理效果最好,提高了土壤微生物对碳水化合物和羧酸的利用以及葡萄叶片的光合性能。菌肥作为新型肥料在现代栽培中广泛应用,但其应用效果受微生物种类、寄主植物、土壤环境等因素制约。

Microbial fertilizer is widely used as a new fertilizer in modern cultivation,but its application effect is restricted by factors such as microbial species,host plants,and soil environment.In this study,the Biolog-ECO method was used to determine the metabolic characteristics of soil microbial communities after treated with microbial fertilizer based on SS31,and combined with fluorescence data to explain the mechanism and effectiveness of microbial fertilizer to improve photosynthetic performance of grape leaves.The results would provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of SS31 microbial fertilizer on grapes.The seedlings of‘Muscat Hamburg’grape were used as materials and treated with 6 concentrations of SS31 microbial fertilizer,to investigate the soil microbial metabolic activity,diversity index,utilization of 31 nutrient substances,and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.SS31 microbial fertilizer treatment increased soil average well color development(AWCD),Shannon diversity,Simpson diversity and McIntosh diversity to some extent.Among them,T_(2) treatment had a better effect in improving the metabolic activity,richness,status of dominant populations,and the diversity of soil microbial communities.Microbial fertilizer treatment promoted the utilization of carbohydrates,carboxylic acids,amino acids and amines by soil microorganisms.The microorganism metabolic activity increased whenβ-methyl-D-glucoside,D-xylose,and D-mannitol were used as the carbon source.Appropriate concentration of microbial fertilizer treatment could increase the SPAD value,maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m))and performance index on absorption basis(PI_(ABS))of grape leaves.Among them,T_(2) treatment significantly increased density of PSⅡreaction centers per excited cross section(RC/Cso),electrion transport flux per active reaction center(ET_(o)/RC),and significantly reduced dissipation flux per active reaction center(DIo/RC),which ultimately induced the enhancement of leaf light energy utilization potential.In summary,SS31 microbial fertilizer treatment could effectively enhance the metabolic activity and diversity of soil microbial communities in the root zone of‘Muscat Hamburg’.Among them,T_(2) treatment had the best effect,which improved the utilization of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids by soil microorganisms,and the photosynthetic performance of grape leaves.