Reviewing perovskite oxide sites influence on electrocatalytic reactions for high energy density devices

Batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors are electrochemical devices already on the market and still need a boost in kinetics to match the high energy density demand of applications.Perovskites have attracted the scientific community's attention in the last decade due to their electrocatalytic activity,chemical and structural properties,tunability,low cost,and scalability.Efforts have been made to understand the active sites and the operational mechanisms in perovskite oxides to shape them as an electrocatalyst in advanced energy devices.Understanding the role of perovskites is the key to engineering more controlled and efficient electrocatalysts via chemical synthesis,and there is still much to do.This review highlights the use of perovskites in different energy storage and conversion systems.The A,B,and A&B doping-site effects are analyzed to understand the opportunities and challenges related to this class of materials.In addition,the synthesis methods and the properties related to the doping site are described and summarized.