新材料产业公共服务平台政策对企业“卡脖子”技术创新的影响

mpact of the public service platform policy for the new material industry on“stuck neck”technological innovation of enterprises

【目的】突破新材料“卡脖子”技术瓶颈,对于破解中国制造业全球价值链“低端锁定”意义重大。作为近年来推动新材料产业发展的重要举措,国家新材料产业公共服务平台政策能否促进企业“卡脖子”技术创新亟待研究。【方法】本文以2010—2021年中国A股新材料上市企业为样本,通过构建多期双重差分模型,考察了公共服务平台政策对新材料企业“卡脖子”技术创新的影响,借鉴技术创新系统(TIS)的结构框架探究政策作用机制。【结果】①公共服务平台政策促进了平台所在地新材料企业“卡脖子”技术创新。②公共服务平台政策主要通过促进人才集聚、强化知识产权保护、降低内外部交易成本、深化产学研基础研究合作4条路径促进企业“卡脖子”技术创新。③当企业处于成熟期、主营业务为关键战略材料子行业、位于产业集群内以及产权性质为国有时,公共服务平台政策对“卡脖子”创新的激励效应更显著。【结论】公共服务平台建设是促进新材料企业“卡脖子”技术创新的有效手段,未来要围绕“卡脖子”创新所需要的创新资源集聚、创新环境优化、创新网络构建等条件,对该政策进一步优化完善,同时注意分类施策和精准施策。

[Objective]Breaking through the“stuck neck”technological bottlenecks of new materials is of great strategic significance for cracking the“low-end locking”of China’s manufacturing industry in the global value chain.As an important measure to promote the development of new material industry,whether the recent national public service platform policy for the new material industry can promote the innovation of enterprises on the“stuck neck”technologies urgently needs to be studied.[Methods]Taking the Chinese A-share listed new material companies from 2010 to 2021 as samples,this study examined the impact of the public service platform policy on“stuck neck”technological innovation of new material companies by constructing a multiple difference-in-differences method,and explored the mechanism of policy action using the structural framework of the technological innovation system(TIS)for reference.[Results](1)The public service platform policy has promoted the“stuck neck”technological innovation of new material enterprises in locations where the platform policy has been implemented.(2)The policy mainly promoted the“stuck neck”technological innovation of enterprises through four mechanisms:promoting the gathering of talents,strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights,reducing internal and external transaction costs,and deepening the cooperation between industry and education and research institutions on basic research.(3)When an enterprise is in a mature stage,its main business is a sub-industry of key strategic materials,it is located in an industrial cluster,and the nature of property rights is stateowned,the incentive effect of the platform policy on“stuck neck”technological innovation is more significant.[Conclusion]The research shows that the construction of public service platform is an effective means to promote the technological innovation of the“stuck neck”of new material enterprises,and in the future,the policy should be further optimized and improved around the conditions of innovation resource agglomeration,innovation environment optimization,and innovation network construction required for“stuck neck”innovation,while paying attention to categorical and precise policies.