海洋制造业产业集聚的要素拥挤效应

Factor crowding effect of marine manufacturing industry agglomeration

【目的】探究海洋制造业产业集聚的要素拥挤效应,揭示要素拥挤对海洋制造业企业的生产率影响。【方法】以企业生产率为切入点,通过构建异质性企业模型与海洋制造业企业数据库,从理论和实证两方面对要素拥挤与海洋制造业企业生产率间的关系进行了探讨。【结果】2000—2015年,要素拥挤效应显著降低了中国海洋制造业企业的生产率,其中资本(技术)密集型海洋企业的生产率下降是主要原因。此外,生产要素在海洋产业集聚过程中存在“度”的限制,适度的产业集聚并不会对海洋制造业企业的生产率产生显著负面影响;由于地区间资源环境承载力不同,相较于珠三角地区,京津冀与长三角等地区的海洋制造业产业要素拥挤效应更为明显。【结论】为更好地发挥海洋产业集聚在区域海洋经济发展中的作用,海洋产业集聚过程中应充分考虑资源环境承载力问题,避免要素过度集聚;要强化政府管理与引导,合理布局海洋产业、优化海洋资源配置,实现多地区海洋产业协调、均衡发展;同时,海洋企业应充分利用因海洋产业集聚形成的集聚效应,通过共享、匹配和学习机制促进企业创新。

[Objective]This study analyzed the factor crowding effect of marine manufacturing industry agglomeration,and revealed the impact of factor crowding on the productivity of marine manufacturing enterprises.[Methods]Taking enterprise productivity as the starting point,we constructed a heterogeneous enterprise model and a marine manufacturing enterprise database to analyze the relationship between factor overcrowding and marine manufacturing enterprise productivity from both the theoretical and empirical aspects.[Results]The factor crowding effect significantly reduces marine manufacturing enterprises’productivity between 2000 and 2015,and the productivity decline of capital and technology-intensive marine enterprises was the main factor.Thresholds of factor crowding may exist,and appropriate levels of industrial agglomeration will not have a significant negative impact on marine manufacturing enterprises’productivity.Due to differences in resource and environmental carrying capacity between regions,the crowding effect of marine industry factors in areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta is more pronounced compared to the Pearl River Delta region.[Conclusion]Marine industry agglomeration should take into account resource and environmental carrying capacity to maximize its effect on regional marine economic development.The government should strengthen its management and guidance.It should rationally plan the marine industry layout,optimize marine resource allocation,and achieve coordinated and balanced development of marine industries in various regions.Furthermore,marine enterprises should take advantage of the agglomeration effect created by the agglomeration of marine industries,and promote innovation through sharing,cooperation,and learning.