中国城际低碳技术转移对碳排放的影响--基于知识学习与技术学习“二分法”视角

Impact of intercity low-carbon technology transfer on carbon emission reduction in China:Based on the“dichotomy”of knowledge learning and technology learning

【目的】加大低碳技术转移是缩小区域间低碳技术差距和提升全国整体低碳技术水平的关键。本文旨在探讨低碳技术转移与碳排放降低的关系,以及知识学习(STI)和技术学习(DUI)对中国碳排放的影响,以寻求有效低碳技术转移路径。【方法】基于2005—2019年中国城际低碳技术专利转让数据,分析中国城际低碳技术转移格局,并运用空间计量模型分析知识学习和技术学习两种低碳技术转移模式对碳排放的影响。【结果】①中国城际低碳技术转移具有高度集聚性、等级层次性等特征,呈现以全国主要城市群为“核心”、其他城市为“边缘”的“核心—边缘”结构,而碳排放呈北高南低格局;②中国城际低碳技术转移对技术转入地碳排放降低具有积极影响,但因技术转移方式而存在差异,基于知识学习的技术转移对碳排放降低的影响强于基于技术学习的技术转移;③在经济发达城市知识学习和技术学习均对碳排放降低具有积极影响,在经济欠发达城市仅知识学习具有积极影响,各城市需把握异质性低碳技术转移规律,推动低碳技术资源高效配置。【结论】中国城际低碳技术转移水平与碳排放强度存在空间错位;基于知识学习的技术转移能有效弥补基于技术学习的技术转移的市场失灵;中国城际低碳技术转移对碳排放降低的影响存在区域异质性。中国应积极构建多中心、多层级低碳技术转移网络体系,协同发挥学研机构及企业在低碳技术转移中的作用,因地制宜推进城际低碳技术转移,积极完善低碳技术转移服务体系。

[Objective]Increasing the transfer of low-carbon technology(LCT)is the key to narrowing the gap in LCT between regions and improving the overall level of low-carbon technology of China.This study aims to explore the relationship between LCT transfer and carbon emission reduction,as well as the impact of knowledge learning and technical learning on China’s carbon emissions,in order to find an effective LCT transfer path.[Methods]Inspired by innovation dichotomy,LCT transfer can be divided into two innovation cooperation models—STI(Science,Technology,Innovation)and DUI(Doing,Using,Interacting),corresponding to knowledge learning and technology learning,respectively.Based on the data of intercity LCT patent transfer of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study analyzes the pattern of China’s intercity low-carbon technology transfer,and explored the impact of STI and DUI on carbon emissions by using spatial econometric models.[Results]The research showed that:(1)China’s inter-city LCT transfer has the characteristics of high concentration and hierarchy,which presents a“core-periphery”structure with the main urban agglomerations in the country as the“core”and other cities as the“periphery”.However,the overall carbon emissions presented a geographical pattern of high in the north and low in the south.(2)China’s intercity low-carbon technology transfer has a positive impact on the carbon emission reduction of the place where the technology is transferred,but there are differences due to the way of technology transfer.Among them,technology transfer based on knowledge learning has a relatively stronger impact on carbon emission reduction.(3)Knowledge learning and technology learning both had positive effects in economically developed cities,but only knowledge learning has a positive impact in economically underdeveloped cities.All cities need to follow the law of heterogeneous LCT transfer and promote the efficient allocation of LCT resources.[Conclusion]There was a spatial mismatch between the level of LCT transfer and carbon emission intensity in cities China.Technology transfer based on knowledge learning can effectively compensate for the market failure of that based on technology learning.There was regional heterogeneity in the impact of China’s intercity LCT transfer on carbon emission reduction.Considering the positive impact of LCT transfer,it is necessary to actively build a multi-center,multi-level LCT transfer network,coordinate the role of academic research institutions and enterprises in low-carbon technology transfer,promote intercity lowcarbon technology transfer in accordance with regional conditions,and actively improve the lowcarbon technology transfer service system.