高速铁路预售期差异化定价

High-speed Railway Pre-sale Period Differential Pricing

在高速铁路定价权限放开的背景下,通过分析旅客在预售期的偏好属性,为预售时段的划分提供依据。针对平行车次的差异化定价,将旅客的购票需求视作弹性需求,考虑政府限价约束,旅客票价浮动承受能力约束和列车运输能力约束,将混合整数非线性(MINLP)模型转化为易于求解的混合整数线性(MILP)模型,并基于人工蜂群(ABC)算法进行求解。以京沪高铁北京南开往上海虹桥的G19和G143列车的票额票价为依据进行实证分析,仿真结果表明:与固定票价方案相比,差异化定价方案使得两辆列车在预售期内总收益提高了13.72%,说明预售期内差异化定价策略能够刺激潜在的旅客需求,提高铁路公司总收益。

Under the background of the liberalization of the pricing authority of high-speed railway, through the analysis of the preference attributes of passengers in the pre-sale period, this paper provided a basis for the division of pre-sale periods. Aiming at the dynamic pricing of parallel trains, passenger demand for tickets was considered as flexible demand. Furthermore, the Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming was converted to Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, which considered the government price limit, passenger ticket price fluctuation affordability and train transport capacity constraints and the solution algorithm is based on artificial bee colony algorithm. An empirical analysis is made based on the ticket price of G19 and G143 trains from Beijing south to Shanghai Hongqiao. The results show that compared with the fixed fare scheme, the total revenue of the two trains increases by 13.72% in the pre-sale period, indicating that differentiated pricing strategy can stimulate potential passenger demand and improve the total revenue of railway companies in the pre-sale period.