舒适性迁移研究进展与启示

Amenity migration:An international review and inspiration

进入城镇化中后期阶段,人口迁移动力愈加多元化,舒适性驱动型人口迁移现象逐渐增多并成为学术界关注热点。论文全面梳理国内外关于舒适性迁移的研究进展,有助于深入理解中国人口迁移动力的转变及其与城乡发展的互动关系。舒适性的概念内涵强调地方特有性,不同地方具有各自独特的舒适性特征,城市和乡村的舒适性特征差异显著,舒适性可分为自然环境舒适性、服务环境舒适性和社会文化舒适性。实证研究基于均衡模型探讨了舒适性对人口迁移的影响,发现了不同类别舒适性的不同影响作用,但对于影响机制、异质性等问题的研究较为薄弱。舒适性迁移作为一种特殊的人口迁移模式深刻影响了城乡发展转型过程,城市舒适性驱动的人才迁移对于城市增长具有重要意义,乡村舒适性驱动的城市中产阶层迁移引发了乡村绅士化现象。最后,讨论了舒适性迁移的理论与实证研究方向及其对中国城乡发展转型的启示。论文有助于拓展中国人口迁移研究的学术视角,更好地关注和解释人口迁移特征的未来变化及机制。

China's rapid urbanization is characterized by rural-to-urban migration that was mainly driven by economic opportunities in the past several decades.With the increase of income,however,the factors that influence migration are expected to change from what they were in the past.In recent years,increasingly more migrants chose to change where they live for the pursuit of amenity,which is termed amenity migration,amenityled migration,or amenity-driven migration.Against this background,it is necessary to follow the concept and theories of amenity migration in international literature for understanding China's migration transition and its interaction with urban-rural development transformation.This article provided a comprehensive review of the progress of international research on amenity migration.It is found that the concept of amenity emphasizes a place-specific or location-specific feature.Different places have their own unique amenity,with significant differences between urban and rural areas.Amenity can be divided into natural amenity,service amenity,and social amenity.Natural amenity refers to the natural environment that makes people comfortable.Service amenity depends on various human-made facilities.Social amenity dictates a pleasant social and cultural atmosphere.Numerous empirical studies have explored the impact of amenity on migration based on the equilibrium model and found different effects of different categories of amenity,but the research on the mechanism of influence and heterogeneity is still weak.Amenity migration is defined as a kind of migration behavior mainly driven by amenity factors,which profoundly affects the urban-rural development transformation.Amenity migration of talents generates positive urban innovation and growth effects,and amenity migration of the urban middle class causes rural gentrification.Finally,this article discussed directions of the theoretical and empirical research of amenity migration and its inspiration for China's urban-rural development transformation.This article contributes to extending the international view of research on China's internal migration and to better targeting and interpreting the future changes and mechanisms of migration patterns.