摘要
1891—1938年青岛城市功能和形态初步形成。在城市功能方面,德占时期形成了居住、休闲、行政、交通、工业、军事等多组团的城市格局。第一次日占时期城市组团功能渐趋复合,城市实力大幅增强。北洋政府和南京国民政府管理时期受西方城市规划建筑思潮的影响,城市功能进一步拓展。在城市空间结构形式方面,受“线性城市”理论、弗里池“未来城市”理论及霍华德“田园城市”理论影响,形成了沿铁路和港口的交通线纵轴及海岸线横轴线性分布的功能组团和明显的三层城市功能圈层。
Since the establishment of Qingdao in 1891,governors of the city have followed the experience of former practitioners while keeping their own features in the urban planning and construction practice,forming the basic appearance of the urban function and structure of Qingdao and building a coastal village cluster into a typical habitable city that integrates port,military,economic and trade,leisure and resort functions and is equipped with a scientific structure and good facilities.The urban planning and construction of Qingdao at each stage reflected the birth and development of planning thoughts of modern cities in the world,which was more prominent in the German occupation period,the Japanese occupation period,and the reign of the Nanjing National Government.This history of the rise of Qingdao has left the city a rich and valuable urban cultural legacy.In terms of the urban functions,fully functional urban management agencies were set up during the German occupation period,and Qingdao developed a pattern of multiple clusters including residence,leisure,administration,transportation,industry and military under the influence of the theory of industrial city.During the first Japanese occupation period,a new residential area of Japanese was built in Qingdao,with increasingly prominent port advantages,booming industry,gradually expanded urban clusters,and increased strength,making itself the transition of two urban construction events during the German occupation period and the reign of the Nanjing Government.During the administration of the Beiyang Government and Nanjing National Government,the urban planning and construction of Qingdao were profoundly affected by Western urban planning and construction thoughts as the theory of neighborhood unit and Charter of Athens came into being,and urban functions were further expanded.In terms of urban spatial structure forms,Qingdao developed functional groups linearly distributed along the vertical axis of the traffic line of railways and ports and the horizontal axis of coastline and the obvious three-layer urban functional circle following the emergence of theories of linear city,future city(Fritsch)and garden city(Howard)and factors such as spontaneous construction and the natural environment.However,the Development Plan of Qingdao City was not implemented due to the planning thought of broadacre city and the theory of organic decentralization.
作者
宁召勇
王建梅
王艺洁
Ning Zhaoyong;Wang Jianmei;Wang Yijie(Agency Service Center of National Cultural Heritage Administration,Beijing 100009,China;Qingdao City Cultural Heritage Protection Center,Qingdao 266003,China)
出处
《中国文化遗产》
2023年第3期85-92,共8页
China Cultural Heritage
关键词
青岛
现代城市规划
城市空间结构
功能组团
Qingdao
modern urban planning
urban spatial structure
functional groups