中外比较视野下的避责问题研究:核心关切与方法运用

Research on Avoidance of Responsibility from a Comparative Perspective between China and Foreign Countries:Core Concerns and Method Application

既有国内外避责研究围绕行政改革、危机与风险管理展开了多元化讨论,但欠缺对不同政治制度背景下官员避责的统一维度的对比分析。基于比较研究视野,梳理对比国内外研究在避责的动机、策略、条件与结果上的异同后发现,国内外研究均将避责动机视作官员支配性动机之一,但二者源起显著不同;在避责策略上,二者均涵盖静态类型学与动态过程性划分方式;在避责条件上,二者主要基于特定制度安排下的“权—责”关系展开讨论;在避责的结果上,国外研究侧重社会影响,国内研究区分政府内部和社会影响两方面的后果。从方法运用来看,国外研究多采用定量方法,国内研究多为典型案例研究。这为未来深入理解我国官员避责行为发生的因果机制提供了学术支持和经验基础。

Both domestic and international studies of avoiding responsibility focus on the fileds of administrative reform,crisis and risk management,but overlook the comparative analysis on the unified dimensions of officials'avoiding responsibility behaviors under different political systems.Based on a comparative perspective,this paper summarizes and compares the similarities and differences in motivation,strategies,conditions and outcomes of the domestic and international studies on avoidance of responsibility.The results show that both domestic and international studies regard responsibility avoidance as one of the dominant motivations of officials,but their origins are significantly different.In terms of responsibility avoidance strategies,both cover static typological and dynamic procedural classification methods.As for the conditions of avoiding responsibility,both of them discuss the"authority-responsibility"relationship under the specific institutional arrangement.In terms of the outcomes of avoiding responsibility,international studies focus on social impact,while domestic studies distinguish between the consequences of internal government and social impact.As for method application,quantitative methods are mostly used in international studies,while typical case studies are mostly used in domestic studies.This provides academic support and empirical basis for further understanding the causal mechanism of officials'behavior of avoiding responsibility in China.