近代中国隐私法制化的演进历程:内涵流变、舆论博弈与法理总结

Evolution of Privacy Legalization in Modern China:Connotation Evolution,PublicOpinion Game,and Summary of Jurisprudence

近代以来隐私概念的内涵经历了诸多流变,从19世纪初的阴私观念,发展到今天作为一项基本人格权的隐私权,隐私概念都不可避免地被卷入到各方利益的角逐之中。晚清至民国时期,新闻界一方面通过竭力报道和揭露阴私吸引读者,提升利润;另一方面通过对公权力的监督来争取言论出版自由。政府当局则借保护阴私或保护名誉之名实行新闻专制之实。研究认为,现代依法治国建设中对隐私的研究和探讨有必要意识到隐私权所重新面临的多元化的利益冲突和价值差序,隐私保护需警惕基于传统道德伦理之上的“伦理陷阱”,回归到以人的价值尊严为核心。

The connotation of privacy has undergone significant changes since modern times,evolving from the"hidden matter"of the early 19th century to today's right to privacy as a basic personality right,which has been embroiled in the competition between various interested parties.During the Republican period in the late Qing Dynasty,the press both tried to report and expose"privacy"to attract readers and increase profits and fought for freedom of speech and publication through public power oversight.The government practiced authoritarian journalism in the name of protecting"privacy"or reputation.This study argues that it is crucial to research and discuss privacy and to be aware of the pluralistic conflicts of interest and values that privacy faces.In constructing a modern state based on the rule of law,it's essential to be alert to the"ethical trap"of traditional morality and ethics for privacy protection and to value human dignity.