高龄孕妇年龄与胎儿染色体异常的相关性分析

Correlation between age groups of elderly pregnant women and fetal chromosome abnormalities

目的探讨高龄孕妇年龄与胎儿染色体异常之间的相关性。方法随机选取佛山复兴禅诚医院2020年3月-2021年3月就诊的高龄孕妇180例作为研究对象,以年龄分为5组:A组(35~36岁)、B组(36~37岁)、C组(37~38岁)、D组(38~39岁)、E组(>39~49岁),均进行唐氏综合征筛查、超声检查及血检验,由此评估染色体核型结果,分析高龄孕妇年龄与胎儿染色体异常之间的相关性。结果180例孕妇中有32例高风险异常核型(17.78%),其中A组、B组、C组、D组、E组的胎儿染色体异常核型发生率依次为9.09%、12.20%、16.22%、21.88%、38.46%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且胎儿染色体异常率随年龄增长呈增长趋势发展,两者呈正相关(r=0.955,P=0.011)。32例异常核型中,以染色体数目异常高风险为主(75.00%),其中以21三体高风险占比最高54.17%(13/24),其次为18三体高风险20.83%(5/24)、13三体高风险16.67%(4/24)、性染色体异常高风险8.33%(2/24),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构异常8例,占比25.00%,主要为易位50.00%(4/8)、倒位25.00%(2/8)、缺失25.00%(2/8),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胎儿染色体异常风险与高龄孕妇年龄呈正相关,胎儿染色体异常率随高龄孕妇年龄增长呈明显上升趋势,为此建议高龄孕妇做好产前检查,可在一定程度上降低染色体异常儿出生率。

Objective To explore the correlation between age changes of elderly pregnant women and fetal chromosome abnormalities.Methods 180 elderly pregnant women were randomly selected in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021.They were divided into 5 groups:group A(35-36 years old),group B(36-37 years old),group C(37-38 years old),group D(38-39 years old)and group E(>39-49 years old).Tang screening,ultrasonography and blood test were performed to evaluate the karyotype results and analyze the correlation between chromosome abnormalities of elderly pregnant women and fetuses.Results There were 32 cases of high-risk abnormal karyotypes in 180 pregnant women(17.78%).The incidence of fetal chromosome abnormal karyotypes in group A,group B,group C,group D and group E were 9.09%,12.20%,16.22%,21.88%and 38.46%respectively,there was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the fetal chromosome abnormal rate showed an increasing trend with age,and there was a positive correlation between them(r=0.955,P-0.011);Among the 32 abnormal karyotypes,the high risk of chromosome number abnormality was the main one(75.00%),among which trisomy 21 accounted for the highest risk 54.17%(13/24),followed by trisomy 1820.83%(5/24),trisomy 1316.67%(4/24)and sex chromosome abnormality8.33%(2/24),The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were 8 cases of structural abnormalities,accounting for 25.00%,mainly translocation 50.00%(4/8),inversion 25.00%(2/8)and deletion 25.00%(2/8).The diference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities is positively correlated with the age of pregnant women.The rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increases significantly with the age of elderly pregnant women.Therefore,it is suggested that elderly pregnant women should do a good job in prenatal examination to reduce the birth rate of chromosomal abnormalities to a certain extent.