跨区域能源调度促进企业减排效应研究

Study on the Effect of Trans-Regional Energy Dispatching Promoting Enterprise Emission Reduction

作为西部大开发的旗舰项目,西气东输工程有效解决了中国能源生产与需求逆向分布的难题,为新时期深入推进能源革命和实现“双碳”目标奠定了坚实的基础。本文基于1998~2012年中国工业企业数据库和工业企业污染数据库,采用双重差分模型考察西气东输工程对企业减排的影响。研究发现:西气东输工程的实施能够显著降低沿线工业企业的污染排放水平,且政策效果具有持续性和稳健性。西气东输工程在区域和产业两个维度均具有显著的空间溢出效应,能够同时降低同一区域和同一行业企业的空气污染排放水平,且溢出效应的辐射范围是周边200公里。机制分析表明,优化能源消费结构、提升能源利用效率和增强污染治理能力,是降低沿线工业企业污染排放水平的重要途径。进一步研究发现,西气东输工程与地区环境规制具有协同补充作用,该工程对高耗能行业的污染减排效应主要是通过产出调整实现的。此外,西气东输工程具有显著的经济效益,能够有效提高能源产地的经济发展水平,但是资源导向型的经济增长模式对城市创新具有“挤出效应”,不利于经济的可持续发展。本文的研究有助于夯实跨区域能源调配与环境污染关系的微观基础,为新时期构建现代能源体系和高效推进减污降碳提供决策参考。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that“based on our resource endowment,we should further promote the revolution of energy supply,establish a diversified supply system and ensure energy security.”Energy is the lifeblood of the national economy.Building a clean,low-carbon,safe,and efficient energy system is not only an important driving force for high-quality economic development but also a solid foundation for prudently promoting carbon neutrality.With the continuous expansion of the economic scale,China's total energy consumption has jumped to first place in the world,but the reverse distribution pattern of energy production and demand has seriously hindered the improvement of China's independent energy supply capacity and the optimization of energy consumption structure.In addition,with the advancement of industrialization and urbanization,the coal-based energy consumption structure has caused serious environmental pollution problems,putting great pressure on economic green transformation.Therefore,it is urgent to develop clean energy and adjust the energy structure.Against this background,in February 2000,the first meeting of The State Council approved the start of the West–East Natural Gas Transmission Project,and on January 1,2004,the project officially supplied gas to Shanghai.The implementation of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project has become a key step in optimizing the energy consumption structure and further promoting the energy revolution in China.As the flagship project of the Western development,the WestEast Natural Gas Transmission Project has created an energy artery connecting the East and the West,effectively alleviating the uneven distribution of energy in China,and has important practical significance for realizing the goal of“dual carbon,”promoting the in-depth development of energy revolution,forming the pattern of“double cycle”of energy,and building a green and low-carbon energy system.Based on the Chinese industrial enterprise database and industrial enterprise pollution database from1998 to 2012,this study uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the impact of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project on the emission reduction of enterprises.The results indicate that the implementation of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project can significantly reduce the pollution emission level of industrial enterprises along the route,and the policy effect is sustainable and robust.The West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project has a significant environmental spillover effect in both regional and industrial dimensions,which can simultaneously reduce the air pollution emission level of enterprises in the same region and industry,and the radiation range of the spillover effect is within a radius of 200 kilometers.The mechanism analysis reveals that optimizing energy consumption structure,improving energy utilization efficiency,and enhancing pollution control capacity are important ways to reduce the pollution emission levels of industrial enterprises along the Belt and Road.Further research reveals that the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project and regional environmental regulation have synergistic and complementary effects.The pollution reduction effect of this project on high energy-consuming industries is mainly realized through output adjustment.In addition,the WestEast Natural Gas Transmission Project has significant economic benefits and can effectively improve the economic development level of energy-producing areas.However,the resource-oriented economic growth mode has a“crowding out effect”on urban innovation,which is not conducive to sustainable economic development.This study helps to consolidate the micro-foundation of the relationship between transregional energy allocation and environmental pollution and provides a reference for the decision-making of constructing a modern energy system and effectively promoting pollution and carbon reduction in the new era.This study makes three key contributions to the field.First,the spillover situation of the pollution reduction effect of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project in regional and industrial dimensions was evaluated,and the radiation range of the spatial spillover effect was then calculated,which deepens our understanding of the spatial spillover effect of West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project,provides an empirical basis for the government to implement territorial responsibility and regional joint prevention and control,and supplements the shortcomings of existing literature.It has important theoretical and practical significance.Second,from the perspective of natural resource dependence,this study analyzes the economic benefits of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project for energy-producing areas and confirms the“crowding out effect”of the resource-oriented economic model on urban innovation.It provides policy enlightenment for transforming the development mode of energy-producing areas and realizing a win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection.Finally,the synergistic and complementary effects of the West-East Natural Gas Transmission Project and regional environmental regulations are tested,and the mechanism through which the project reduces the pollution emission level of industrial enterprises through front-end control and end-treatment is discussed,which expands our understanding of the complete logical chain of trans-regional energy allocation and enterprise emission reduction,which is of great significance for the government to win the battle of pollution prevention and control and realize the goal of“dual carbon.”