从冲突到和解:保加利亚土耳其族问题的演进

From Conflict to Reconciliation:The Evolution of the Turkish Ethnic Issue in Bulgaria

土耳其族问题一直是保加利亚国家治理中的重要问题,也是影响保加利亚与土耳其关系的关键问题。保加利亚对国内土耳其族的政策变化导致历史上出现土耳其族间歇性的移民潮。20世纪80年代中期,保加利亚对国内土耳其族的强迫改名和同化政策,使土耳其与保加利亚的关系严重恶化,并引发了二战后国际上规模最大的一次移民浪潮。冷战结束后,随着保加利亚入欧进程的开启和保土两国关系的改善,保加利亚对国内土耳其族的政策发生了根本性的变化。土耳其族的地位有了实质性的提高,与主体民族保加利亚族实现了政治和解。保加利亚对于土耳其族问题的治理经验和教训,为类似民族问题的解决提供了有益的启示。

The Turkish ethnic issue has always been an important problem influencing the national governance of Bulgaria,and also a key issue affecting the relationship between Bulgaria and Turkey.The changes of Bulgarian policy towards domestic Turks led to intermittent emigrations of Turks in history.In the mid-1980s,Bulgaria's policy forcing domestic Turks to rename and be assimilated severely soured Turkish-Bulgarian relations and triggered one of the largest waves of international emigration since World War II.After the end of the Cold War,with the beginning of Bulgaria's accession to the European Union and the improvement of the relationship between Bulgaria and Turkey,the policy of Bulgaria towards the domestic Turks changed fundamentally.Since then,the status of the Turkish ethnic group in Bulgaria has been substaintially improved and their political reconciliation has been achieved wih the majority ethnic Bulgarians.The experience and lessons learned from Bulgaria's governance of the Turkish ethnic issue provide useful insights for the resolution of similar ethnic problems.