国家整合视角下的泰国伊桑人问题动态发展研究

The Dynamic Development of the Isan Issue in Thailand from the Perspective of National Integration

自19世纪下半叶以来,在曼谷作为首都及国家中心区位的主体叙事中,泰国东北部各族群被赋予了一个区域性名称--伊桑人(Isanese)。伊桑人在国家政治上被边缘化,文化上被主流泰族文化同化,社会经济发展滞后。伊桑人成为一种复杂的、有争议的区域身份,存在于泰国和老挝两国之间撕裂但又是一个文化连续体的族群关系中。文章通过梳理伊桑人问题的发展脉络,将其置于早期民族主义思想传播、该地区资本主义和共产主义思潮的博弈以及当代国家价值观建设等背景中,突出伊桑人的身份政治,展示泰国政府对伊桑人的艰难整合历程。在现阶段多元文化背景及伊桑人与泰国政府的互动交往中,伊桑人的区域认同感以及身份政治和区域经济、文化发展诉求不断增强。近年来伊桑民粹主义呼声高涨,伊桑主义兴起,伊桑人问题的不断发展变化,对泰国国家政治和价值观建设产生了重大而深刻的影响。

Since the second half of the 1gthcentury,the ethnic groups in northeastern Thailand have been assigned a regional name:Isanese,in the dominant narrative of Bangkok as the capital and center of the country.The Isan people is marginalized politically in the country and cuturally assimilated into the mainstream Thai culture,and lags behind in social and economic development.The Isan people has emerged as a complex and controversial regional identity in ethnnic relations,a riven but cultural continuum,between Thailand and Laos.By sorting out the development of the Isan issue,this article puts it in the background of the dissemination of early nationalist ideology,the game between the capitalist and communist thoughts in the region and the construction of contemporary national values,to highlight the identity politics of the Isan people and show the difficult integration process promoted by the Thai government towards the Isan people.In the current multicultural background and the interaction between the Isan people and the Thai government,the regional sense of identity,identity politics,regional economic and cultural development appeals of the Isan people continue to strengthen.In recent years,the rising voice of Isan populism,the rising of Isanism and the continuous development and change of the Isan issue have exerted a significant and profound impact on the construction of naional politics and values in Thailand.