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明清及民国时期祁连山穿山交通路线考

On the Qilian Mountain-Crossing Routes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties as Well as the Republic of China Period
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摘要 祁连山穿山路线可分为东段九道、中段七道、西段四道和南路九道。诸道纵横交织,将祁连山内外及蒙古高原、青藏高原、新疆各地贯通起来。穿山路线通常沿河展布,选择河流相背侵蚀形成的低凹山口跨越高山。明正德至清雍正间,蒙古部族跨越祁连山的迁徙活动十分频繁,穿山路线以镇羌河道和连接河西走廊“蜂腰”地带的扁都口道、白石崖道、大河坝诸道最为重要。雍正以降,蒙古族大规模迁徙的时代结束,但进藏礼佛熬茶仍在继续,松山官道、白杨河道和哈什哈达坂道为其主要行经路线。民国中期,新疆哈萨克族东迁入甘青,使祁连山中西段各道趋于活跃。 There were 29 Qilian Mountain-Crossing routes which could be divided into 9 in the east,7 in the middle,4 in the west and 9 in the south.All these routes arranged in a crisscross pattern,not only connecting inside and outside of the Qilian Mountain,but also linking up Mongolian plateau,Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Xinjiang with each other.The Routes usually extended along rivers,and passed over high mountains at a notch which was cut out by erosion of two opposite rivers.From the Zhengde(正德)reign period to the Yongzheng(雍正)reign period,Mongolians passed the Qilian Mountain to and fro very frequently,mostly taking a way through the Zhenqiang River(镇羌河)route,Biandu Pass(扁都口)route,Baishiya(白石崖)route and Daheba(大河坝)Route.The last Three Routes could be seen connecting a so-called“wasp waist area”in the famous Hexi Corridor.The Large-scale migration of Mongolians came to an end after the Yongzheng reign,but journeys to Tibet for Buddha-worship and meeting high-rank monks continued mainly along the Song Mountain(松山)route,Baiyang River(白杨河)route and Hashiha Daban(哈什哈达坂)route.Kazaks in Xingjaing Province came into Gansu and Qinghai during the Republic of China Period,which activated the Qilian Mountain-Crossing routes in the west and middle.
作者 闫天灵 Yan Tianling
出处 《中国边疆史地研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第2期146-158,216,共14页 China's Borderland History and Geography Studies
关键词 明清及民国时期 祁连山 穿山路线 蒙古 the Ming and Qing Dynasties the Republic of China Period Qilian Mountain Mountain-Crosssiing Routes Mongolians
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