“九一八事变”前后法国声索西沙群岛“主权”研究补正

A Supplemental Textual Research of the French“Sovereignty”Claim on Xisha Islands around the“9·18 Incident”

法国早期远东航行中有关西沙海域的记录并不多。直到建立法属印支联邦后,法国政府才逐渐关注西沙群岛,其认知也历经反复。与此同时,法国驻印支殖民官员开始有意搜集安南史籍和西文记录。这些资料混淆了西沙群岛、黄沙和帕拉塞尔等概念,试图从中得出“黄沙”即“帕拉塞尔”亦即西沙群岛的立论是不成立的。“九一八事变”爆发后,法国趁机以这些混乱的资料作为“证据”向南京国民政府提出交涉。仔细梳理法国在交涉公函中提到的法、英、越等多方资料可发现法国拼凑“证据”的过程,辨析这些“证据”的讹误。

There are not many records of the Xisha Islands and its surrounding waters in early French voyages to the Far East.It was only after the establishment of the French Indochina that the French government gradually took an interest into this area.Their understandings of Xisha had changed over the years.Meanwhile,the French colonial officers in Indochina began to collect Annamese historical texts and Western records about this area.However,these information confused the concepts of Xisha,Hoangsa and Paracel.The conclusion drawn from these materials that Hoangsa is Paracel or Xisha loses its ground.Taking the opportunity of the“9·18Incident”,France negotiated with the Nanjing National Government and claimed its legitimacy of sovereignty by using these so called“evidences”.After a careful review of the documents referred to in the French diplomatic correspondence,it is obvious to see the course that French Indochina government pieced together the“evidences”intentionally,and the errors and contradictions contained among them.