幼儿园教师情绪劳动对离职倾向的影响:情绪耗竭和职业幸福感的多重中介作用

The Impact of Emotional Labor on Kindergarten Teachers’Turnover Intention:Multiple Mediating Effects of Emotional Exhaustion and Occupational Happiness

为探究幼儿教师离职倾向的心理机制,本研究采用情绪劳动量表、情绪耗竭量表、职业幸福感量表和离职倾向量表对2608名幼儿园教师进行测查。结果显示:离职倾向与自然行为、幸福感显著负相关,与表层表演、情绪耗竭显著正相关。中介效应的分析结果显示:自然行为主要通过降低情绪耗竭或者提高职业幸福感,抑制离职倾向;表层表演对离职倾向有直接正向作用,同时也可以通过提高情绪耗竭,促进离职倾向;深层表演可以通过促进职业幸福感,抑制离职倾向。说明幼儿教师情绪耗竭和职业幸福感在情绪劳动和离职倾向中起到中介作用。为降低幼儿教师离职倾向,幼儿园应充分保障工作资源,支持教师生存发展;积极接纳情绪冲突,引导教师内化法则;及时提供情绪疏导,提升教师幸福体验。

In order to explore the psychological mechanism behind kindergarten teacher’s turnover intention 2608 kindergar-ten teachers were measured using the Emotional Labor Scale,the Emotional Exhaustion Scale,the Occupational Happiness Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale.The results showed that the turnover intention was significantly negatively correlated with natural behavior and happiness,and significantly positively correlated with surface performance and emotional exhaus-tion.The analysis results of the mediation effect show that:natural behavior mainly inhibits the turnover intention by reduc-ing emotional exhaustion or improving occupational happiness;surface performance has a direct positive effect on the turn-over intention.It can also promote the turnover intention to leave by improving emotional exhaustion;deep performance can inhibit the tendency to leave by promoting occupational happiness.The findings support that emotional exhaustion and profes-sional happiness of early childhood teachers play a mediation role in emotional labor and separation tendencies.In order to guide kindergarten teachers to take reasonable emotional labor strategy and reduce the turnover intention,kindergartens should:ensure the work resources of kindergartens and provide support for the survival and development of teachers;guide preschool teachers to accept their emotional conflicts,actively internalize emotional laws;provide emotional counseling for preschool teachers to enhance the happiness experience of preschool teachers.