高学历劳动者的教育失配

Education-Occupation Mismatch Among Highly-Educated Workers

伴随我国高等教育的迅速扩张,教育失配已成为当前劳动力市场中重要且紧迫的现实问题。教育失配的现状层面,教育学历和职业岗位之间的纵向失配比例为24%,专业学位和职业岗位之间的横向失配比例为34%。教育失配的成因层面,学校层级和学业成就主要影响纵向失配:学校层级越高、学业表现越好,毕业生越不可能发生纵向失配;专业类型和资格证书主要影响横向失配,专业学位的职业特殊性强、市场联结度高的专业更不可能发生横向失配,并且获得资格证书有助于降低横向失配的发生几率。教育失配的后果层面,它会降低初职工资水平。这些分析拓展了教育失配的研究视角和理论解释,并且揭示出以往研究所忽略的教育失配在社会分层中的作用。

With the rapid expansion of higher education in China,education-occupation mismatch has become a critical issue in the labor market.In regard to the current education-occupation mismatch,24%of the samples experienced vertical mismatch between the academic degree and the occupation,and 34%underwent horizontal mismatch between the field of study and the occupation.With respect to the cause for education-occupation mismatch,the school ranking and the academic performance significantly affected vertical mismatch,with the higher-ranked school and the better academic performance reducing the risk of vertical mismatch;the field of study and the professional qualifications mainly affected horizontal mismatch:the fields with stronger occupational specificity and higher linkage with the labor market were less likely to lead to horizontal mismatch,and obtaining professional qualifications helped reduce horizontal mismatch.As to the consequence of educational mismatch,it brought about wage penalty in the first occupation.These findings broaden the research perspectives and theoretical explanations of educational mismatch,and reveal the role of educational mismatch in social stratification,which has been overlooked before.