女性生殖道支原体感染特点及药敏分析

Female Genital Tract Mycoplasma Infection Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity Analysis

目的 了解女性生殖道支原体感染现状及对常见抗菌药物的敏感性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月于漯河市第三人民医院妇科门诊和生殖门诊就诊的1 195例女性患者的支原体感染情况及药敏试验结果。结果 在1 195份标本中共检出支原体阳性706例,阳性率59.08%,其中解脲支原体(Uu)感染611例(51.13%),人型支原体(Mh)感染12例(1.00%),Uu+Mh混合感染83例(6.95%)。不同年龄组女性支原体感染率均较高且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。药敏分析结果显示,解脲支原体对常用抗菌药物敏感率较高,对交沙霉素(JOS)、克拉霉素(CLA)、米诺环素(MIN)、多西环素(DOX)、阿奇霉素(AZI)、加替沙星(GAT)、红霉素(ERY)的敏感率分别为99.51%、98.36%、97.55%、97.38%、95.25%、81.67%、81.18%;Mh对JOS、DOX、MIN的敏感率均为100%,对克林霉素(CLI)的敏感率为91.67%,对其他抗菌药物敏感率均较低;Uu+Mh混合感染仅对JOS、DOX、MIN的敏感率较高,分别为93.98%、92.77%、91.57%,对其他抗菌药物敏感率均较低;2021和2022年Uu和Uu+Mh对多数抗菌药物的耐药率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),仅Uu对THI、CLI耐药率下降,对GAT耐药率上升(P<0.05)。结论 女性生殖道支原体感染率较高,各年龄段女性普遍易感,以解脲支原体为主,单独的Uu感染对常用抗菌药物较敏感,Uu+Mh混合感染仅对少数抗菌药物敏感,对多数抗菌药物耐药率较高且年度变化不大。

Objective To understand the status of female genital tract mycoplasma infection and its sensitivity to common antibiotics,and to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis of mycoplasma infection and drug education test results of 1195 female patients who visited the gynecological clinic and reproductive clinic of the Third People’s Hospital of Luohe in January 2021 to December 2022.Results A total of 706 cases of mycoplasma positive were detected in 1195 specimens,with a positive rate of 59.08%,including 611 cases(51.13%)of ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)infection,12 cases(1.00%)of mycoplasma hominis(Mh)infection,and 83 cases(6.95%)of Uu+Mh mixed infection.The infection rate of mycoplasma in women of different age groups was high and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The results of drug sensitivity analysis showed that the sensitivity rate of ureaplasma urealyticum to commonly used antibiotics was high.The sensitivity rates of josamycin(JOS),clarithromycin(CLA),minocycline(MIN),doxycycline(DOX),azithromycin(AZI),gatifloxacin(GAT)and erythromycin(ERY)were 99.51%,98.36%,97.55%,97.38%,95.25%,81.67%and 81.18%,respectively.The sensitivity rates of Mh to JOS,DOX,MIN were 100%and 91.67%to clindamycin(CLI).Besides,the sensitivity rates to other antibiotics were low.The sensitivity of Uu+Mh mixed infection to JOS,DOX and MIN was 93.98%,92.77%and 91.57%,respectively,and the sensitivity to other antibiotics was low.There was no statistical difference in the resistance rates of Uu+Mh to most antibiotics between 2021 and 2022(P>0.05).The resistance rates of Uu to THI and CLI decreased,while the resistance rates to GAT increased(P<0.05).Conclusion The infection rate of mycoplasma in female genital tract is high,and women of all ages are generally susceptible,and the pathogen is mainly ureaplasma urealyticum.Uu infection is sensitive to commonly used antibiotics.Uu and Mh mixed infection is only sensitive to a few antibiotics.The resistance rate to most antibiotics is high and the annual change is not significant.