全球鲨鱼捕捞现状及其制品贸易初步分析

A preliminary analysis of the current status of global shark fishing and the trade of its products

鲨鱼作为顶级捕食者处于海洋食物链顶端,对维持海洋生态系统的平衡具有重要作用。近年由于过度捕捞导致鲨鱼资源出现衰退,致使鲨鱼资源可持续利用与管理问题成为国际社会和区域渔业管理组织关注的重点。本文利用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)提供的全球鲨鱼捕捞及贸易数据,结合主要国家和地区捕捞鲨鱼种类及数量情况、《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录Ⅱ中鲨鱼捕捞现状、各国制定和执行《鲨鱼物种养护管理国家行动计划》(NPOA-Sharks)的情况以及鲨鱼制品贸易状况,分析全球鲨鱼捕捞及其制品贸易现状,探讨了区域渔业管理组织(RFMOs)及CITES通过实施一系列养护管理措施对鲨鱼资源利用和贸易管理中的积极影响,但在鲨鱼捕捞及贸易过程中仍面临其兼捕率增加、过度捕捞和缺乏科学数据收集等问题,针对以上问题提出实施捕捞许可证制度、设立捕捞配额和使用渔船电子监控(electronic monitoring, EM)等建议。本文通过对全球鲨鱼捕捞现状及其制品贸易初步分析,为研究或希望了解鲨鱼捕捞和制品贸易的有关渔业管理人员和企业提供参考。

Sharks,as top predators,are at the top of the marine food chain and play an important role in maintaining the balance of the marine ecosystem.In recent years,the decline of shark resources due to overfishing has made the sustainable use and management of shark resour ces a major concern of the international community and regional fisheries management organizations.This paper uses data on global shark fisheries and trade provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)to analyze global shark fisheries and shark products in relation to the status of shark fisheries in major countries and regions,the status of shark fisheries in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES),the development and implementation of the National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark Species(NPOA-Sharks)in each country,and the status of trade in shark products.The current status of global shark fisheries and trade in shark products is analyzed,and the positive impacts of regional fisheries management organizations(RFMOs)and CITES on the use of shar k resources and trade management through the implementation of a series of conservation management measures are discussed.These include the implementation of licensing systems,the establishment of fishing quotas and the use of electronic monitoring(EM)of fishing vessels.This paper provides a preliminary analysis of the current state of global shark fisheries and the trade in thei r products as a reference for fisheries managers and companies who are studying or hoping to understand shark fisheries and products trade.