基于双源系数反算法的往复压缩机故障诊断技术研究

Research on Fault Diagnosis Technology of Reciprocating Compressor Based on Double Source Coefficient Inverse Algorithm

大型往复式压缩机具有压比高、流量范围宽、排气压力可稳定调节等优点,广泛应用于食品工程、交通运输、石化、电力和船舶等行业,但其结构复杂、易损件多,故障率高。通过气缸打孔监测指示图可实施缸内易损件的故障诊断,但气缸打孔会降低缸体强度、降低气密性,导致应用受限。将活塞杆应力及加速度参数作为双源系数,通过建立等效悬臂梁模型,反向计算出气体压力及机械传动部件的冲击作用力,并重点分析了活塞杆组件发生故障对冲击作用力的影响,有效性验证的结果表明,基于双源系数反算法的故障诊断方法,能够诊断出主要的机械传动部件故障和热力系统故障。采用活塞杆应力、加速度代替指示图开展往复压缩机故障诊断奠定了理论基础。

Large reciprocating compressors have the advantages of high pressure ratio,wide flow range and stable adjustment of exhaust pressure.They are widely used in the industries of food engineering,transportation,petrochemical,electric power and shipping,etc.However,the structure is complex,with many vulnerable parts and high failure rate.Indicator diagram obtained by the pressure testing through the cylinder wall could provide fault diagnosis of the vulnerable parts inside the cylinder.However,drilling through the cylinder to permit the pressure testing would reduce the cylinder strength and increase the risk of leakage.In this paper,the stress and acceleration parameters of the piston rod are taken as the double source coefficients.By establishing the equivalent cantilever beam model,the impact force of the gas pressure and the mechanical transmission parts is inversely calculated,and the influence of the failure of piston rod assembly on impact force is emphatically analyzed.The results of validity verification show that the fault diagnosis method based on the inverse algorithm of double source coefficients can diagnose the main mechanical transmission component faults and thermal system faults.Obtained results provide a theoretical basis of adopting the stress and acceleration parameters of piston rod replace the indicator diagram for fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressor.