明代医者的社会照护文化——以《石山医案》为例

Probe into Social Care Thoughts in Ming Dynasty:A Case Study of Stone Mountain Medical Case

作为新安医家的代表人物,汪机在其代表性著作《石山医案》中详细记录了医治病患的过程,从医学实践的精彩描述中可以窥视到明代徽州地区医事活动的各个方面。通过对所记载医案的分析得知,随着社会中商人阶层的崛起,在医者与患者间形成了近于协商式的关系,医者不仅需要通过医术改良达到治疗患者机体的目的,还需要通过对事理的运用以维护病家的社会伦理,以此体现出医者治病救人及捍卫社会秩序的本色。以汪机《石山医案》为代表的古代医案集为后世理解不同朝代的社会照护文化提供了丰富的素材。

As a representative of Xin an doctors,Wang Ji recorded his treating process in detail in Stone Mountain Medical Case.In this book,the wonderful description of medical practice shows all aspects of Wang Ji s medical life in Huizhou Area in Ming Dynasty.Further analysis of those medical cases,it can be found that in that times,as the rise of merchant in society status,doctors and merchant patients constructed a kind of consultative relationship.Doctors not only need to improve their medical skill to solve merchant patients physical problems,but also need to use reasonable way to maintain the patients social ethnics,which reflects the doctors ultimate social responsibility.Ancient medical cases represented by Wang Ji s Stone Mountain Medical Case provide rich materials for later generations to understand the social care culture of that time.