城镇化的回波-扩散效应:基于共同富裕的视角

The Backwash-Spread Effect of Urbanization:Based on the Perspective of Common Prosperity

实现全体人民的共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求,是人民群众的共同期盼。缩小城乡差距是实现共同富裕的关键,以人为核心的新型城镇化是实现全体人民共同富裕的必经之路。本文基于可行能力的视角实证分析了城镇化在缩小城乡差距、推进共同富裕方面的回波-扩散效应。结果表明:第一,城镇化在改变城乡收入与教育差距方面先“回波”再“扩散”,而对城乡医疗差距并没有显著的回波或者扩散效应。第二,城镇化缩小城乡差距的中介变量为村级公路。城镇化推动农村基础设施尤其是村级公路的修建,进而缩小城乡收入、教育差距。

Common prosperity,an important feature of Chinese modernization and a common aspiration of people,is an essential requirement for socialism.Narrowing the urban-rural gap is the key to achieving common prosperity,and a new type of urbanization,keeping people as the central task,is the necessary path to achieving this goal for all the people.Based on the perspective of feasible capacity,this paper empirically analyzes the backwash-spread effects of urbanization in narrowing the urban-rural gap and promoting common prosperity.The results are as follows.First,urbanization has a"backwash"effect followed by a"spread"effect in changing the income and education gap between urban and rural areas,while there is no significant"backwash"or"spread"'effect on the medical gap between urban and rural areas.Second,village-level roads are the mediator of urbanization to narrow the urban-rural gap.Urbanization promotes the construction of rural infrastructure,especially village-level roads,and thus narrows the income and education gap between urban and rural areas.