肿瘤靶向细菌Escherichia coli Nissle 1917在癌症治疗中的研究进展

Research Advances in Tumor-targeting Bacteria Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in Cancer Therapy

传统化疗、放疗等癌症治疗手段存在靶向性差、毒副作用大等问题。肿瘤靶向细菌可以特异性定殖于实体肿瘤微环境,通过基因工程改造可以使其在实体肿瘤内持续合成并释放抗癌药物,提高药物对肿瘤组织的选择性,避免化疗药物对正常组织的伤害,成为近年来癌症靶向治疗的研究热点。Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN)作为一种被广泛研究和应用的益生菌,没有致病性,不产生免疫毒副作用,且具有高效的肿瘤靶向定殖能力,能在正常组织中迅速被清除,因此在癌症细菌疗法中备受关注。针对EcN在癌症靶向治疗研究方面的最新进展进行综述,介绍了通过基因工程提高其靶向性、可控性和安全性的方法,并介绍了EcN在辅助其他癌症治疗方面的应用。随着基因工程和合成生物学技术的进步,人们对细菌功能的设计合成能力不断增强,EcN作为可编程的活体药物,有希望发展成为对抗癌症的有力武器。

Traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have problems such as poor targeting and high toxic side effects.Tumor-targeting bacteria can specifically colonize in the solid tumor microenvironment,and can be genetically engineered to synthesize anti-cancer drugs,improve the selectivity of drugs for tumor tissues and avoid the damage to normal tissues by chemotherapeutic drugs.These advantages make tumor-targeting bacteria a research hot spot in targeted cancer therapy in recent years.Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN),a probiotic bacterium that has been widely studied and used,has attracted much attention in bacterial cancer therapies.EcN is non-pathogenic and non-immunotoxic and has a highly effective tumor-targeting ability.It can be rapidly cleared in normal tissues.Here,the latest advances in engineering of EcN for tumortargeting therapy were reviewed.The applications of EcN in adjuvant therapy were also discussed.With the advancement of genetic engineering and synthetic biology,scientists’ability to design and synthesize bacteria is growing stronger.EcN as a programmable living drug holds the promise of becoming a powerful weapon against cancer.