软实力视阈下华人饮食文化在秘鲁的播迁及影响

Spread and Influence of Chinese Food Culture in Peru from the Perspective of Soft Power

“软实力”既可以是传统西方理论视阈下“国”与“国”之间的综合实力比拼,也可以是基于“和谐”“兼容并蓄”的全人类共同价值,透过具体历史进程中“人与人”之间的交流得以展现,这也是构建中国特色“软实力”概念的应有之义。在秘鲁历史发展的不同时期,华人饮食扮演了众多角色,由最初满足秘鲁一部分民众的基本需求和了解中国风俗文化的窗口,到慢慢融入秘鲁大众的日常生活后逐渐成为一种烹饪、社交乃至生活方式上的新风尚。以秘鲁华人饮食文化为切入点,不仅可以见微知著,窥探秘鲁日常生活与精神风貌的变迁,探明秘鲁华人作为“非国家参与者”的经济软实力、社会—语言软实力和作为整体的族群软实力,使得超越现有西方语境下的视野与概念窠臼、构建中国特色软实力概念成为可能,而且也能更好把握中秘“民心相通”的历史背景与现实基础,为捍卫“全人类共同价值”、构建“人类命运共同体”提供一定的启发。

The concept of“soft power”can be a comprehensive strength competition between“countries”and“countries”under the perspective of traditional Western theory,or it can be displayed through“people-to-people”exchanges in a specific historical process based on the common values of“harmony”and“inclusiveness”of all mankind,which is also the proper meaning of building the concept of“soft power”with Chinese characteristics.In different periods of Peruvian history,the Chinese food has played many roles,initially meeting the basic needs of some Peruvian people,becoming a window to understand Chinese customs and culture,and when slowly integrated into the daily life of Peruvian people,it has gradually become a new fashion in cooking,social and even lifestyle.Taking the Peruvian Chinese food culture as the starting point,we can not only see the changes of Peruvian daily life and spiritual outlook,but also explore the economic soft power,socio-linguistic soft power of Peruvian Chinese as“non-state participants”,and the soft power of the ethnic group as a whole,which makes it possible to enrich the concept of soft power in the existing Western context,and then to build the concept of soft power with Chinese characteristics.Moreover,it can better display the historical background and practical foundation of“people-to-people bond”in China and Peru,and provide some inspiration for defending the“common values of all mankind”and building a“community with a shared future for mankind”.