我国冬季项目优秀运动员身体形态和年龄特征分析

Characteristics of Elite Winter Sports Athletes’Body and Age

身体形态和年龄与运动员的竞技能力和运动表现有密切联系。对17支冬季项目国家队的538名运动员进行测试,分析运动员的身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、克托莱指数)和年龄特征,比较不同运动项目之间运动员在身体形态和年龄上的差异。结果表明:(1)我国冬季项目运动员在身体形态和年龄上存在显著性别差异;(2)冰上项目和雪上项目运动员在身体形态和年龄上均表现了显著差异;(3)不同冰上项目和雪上项目之间运动员在身体形态和年龄上也表现了差异。研究认为:我国冬季项目在运动选材和运动训练中要综合考虑身体形态指标的专项特点和年龄因素对运动员竞技能力的影响效应,提高选材的科学性和针对性。

There are close relationships between the athletes’body,age,competition competence and sports performance.In order to analyze the characteristics of the athletes’body and age and compare the difference among different sports events,this study examined the body(height,weight,BMI,Quetelet index)and age of 538 winter sports athletes(male:286,female:252)from 17 national teams of China.The results suggested that there were significant gender differences on body and age.There were significant differences on body and age on both the ice events and the snow events.Within the ice events and the snow events,there were also significant differences on body and age among different sports events.In order to enhance scientific and specific athlete selection and training,the body and age indexes and characteristics should be fully considered.