人工智能侵权责任的主体识别与担责——以风险社会治理为视角

Subject Identification and Responsibility of Artificial Intelligence Tort Liability:From the Perspective of Risk Social Governance

由于人工智能存在侵权行为难以认定、智能系统无法实际承担责任、伦理道德解释受限等问题,在侵权责任领域尚不具备赋予其主体地位的条件。而人工智能在侵权责任承担机制上的非主体化认定或能最大限度地避免上述问题,有助于克服在侵权主体识别、行为认定等方面的困难,减少因侵权纠纷悬而未决导致的社会风险,既能保障被侵权者的利益,也能更好地推进社会治理进程。故应参照现有法律框架,合理分配侵权责任,建立特殊的人工智能侵权处理机制,即人工智能无害化处理,防止二次侵权的发生。在此基础上加强监管,为人工智能的良好发展提供法律指引,构建行之有效的人工智能侵权纠纷解决机制。

Due to the difficulty of identifying infringements in artificial intelligence,the inability of intelligent systems to actu-ally take responsibility,and the limited interpretation of ethics and morality,there is no condition to give AI the subject status in the field of tort liability.The non-subjectification determination of the infringement liability bearing mechanism of artificial intelligence may avoid the above problems to the greatest extent,because it helps to overcome the difficulties in the identification of the infringing subject and behavior,and reduce the social risks caused by the pending infringement disputes.This can not only protect the interests of the infringed,but also promote the process of social governance.Therefore,we should refer to the existing legal framework,rea-sonably allocate the tort liability,and establish a special artificial intelligence tort processing mechanism,namely,artificial intelli-gence harmless processing,to prevent the occurrence of secondary infringement.On this basis,we should strengthen supervision,provide legal guidance for the sound development of artificial intelligence,and build an effective mechanism for the settlement of arti-ficial intelligence infringement disputes.