基于金银纳米材料光学传感器的构建及其在食品安全快速检测中的应用

Construction of Optical Sensor Based on Gold and Silver Nanomaterials and Its Application in Rapid Detection of Food

当前,农兽药残留、重金属污染和食源性病菌等是主要的食品安全问题,常规检测方法存在操作烦琐、预处理要求高等局限性,因此急需开发一种效率高、速度快、成本低的食品安全检测方法。贵金属纳米材料(金、银)具有良好的光学性能、化学稳定性、高催化活性、高导电性等优点,基于其构建的光学传感器具有高灵敏度、强特异性、低成本等显著优势,可用于食品安全的高效、快速、灵敏检测。本文综述了金银纳米材料及金-银复合纳米材料的制备方法及其光学传感器的构建策略,重点阐述了基于金银纳米材料的光学传感器在食品安全中快速检测的应用。本文分析了光学传感器存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望,以期为金银纳米材料构建光学传感器及其在食品安全检测中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持。

At present,agricultural and veterinary drug residues,heavy metal pollution and foodborne germs are the main food safety problems,and conventional detection methods have limitations such as cumbersome operation and high pretreatment requirements,so it is urgent to develop a food safety detection method with high efficiency,speed and low cost.Precious metal nanomaterials(gold,silver) have the advantages of good optical properties,chemical stability,high catalytic activity and high conductivity,and the optical sensors built on them have significant advantages such as high sensitivity,strong specificity and low cost,and can be used for efficient,rapid and sensitive detection of food safety.In this paper,the preparation methods of gold and silver nanomaterials and gold-silver composite nanomaterials and their construction strategies of optical sensors are reviewed,and the application of optical sensors based on gold and silver nanomaterials in food safety is mainly described.The problems existing in optical sensors are analyzed,and their development prospects are prospected,in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of optical sensors and their applications in food safety detection of gold and silver nanomaterials.