基于《护理学类教学质量国家标准》的基础护理学实训教学现状调查

Status Quo of Practical Teaching among Teaching Activities in Coarse of Fundamentals Nursing Based on“National Standards for Teaching Quality of Nursing Disciplines”:A Cross-sectional Study

目的了解我国本科护理院校基础护理学实训教学现状,为实训教学改革提供参考依据。方法2021年9-10月,参考《护理学类教学质量国家标准》(简称《国标》)自行设计问卷,对院校教师进行调查。结果123名教师参与调查。其中,30~40岁教师68名(55.3%),院校专职教师114名(92.7%)。基础护理学理论与实训学时数之比为1∶1~1∶2;24所(48.0%)院校安排临床见习;25所(50.0%)院校每次实训课的师生比为1∶20~1∶30。122名(99.2%)教师采用练习教学法开展教学。课堂操作考核[48(96.0%)]和课后报告册[37(74.0%)]是主要的形成性评价方式;单项操作考核[38(76.0%)]是主要的终结性评价方式;学生缺乏整体评估能力[89(72.4%)]、应变能力[79(64.2%)]和自主学习能力[74(60.2%)]是实训教学面临的主要挑战。结论部分本科院校基础护理学实训教学在师资队伍、临床见习、教学方法和评价方面与《国标》存在一定差距。建议在《国标》指导下,开展以岗位胜任力为导向的实训教学改革,不断提升实训教学质量。

Objective To understand the status quo of practical teaching in fundamentals of nursing in domestic undergraduate nursing schools,so as to provide references for the reform of practical teaching.Methods A questionnaire was designed according to the National Standards for Teaching Quality of Nursing Disciplines(abbreviated as‘National Standards’).Teachers from nursing schools were investigated from September to October,2021.Results A total of 123 teachers were investigated,of whom 68(55.3%)were between 30 and 40 years,and 114(92.7%)were full-time teachers in schools.The ratio of theoretical to practical class hours in fundamentals of nursing ranged from 1∶1 to 1∶2.Twenty-four schools(48.0%)arranged clinical observations and practice and 25 schools(50.0%)reported a teacher-to-student ratio of 1∶20 to 1∶30 in each practical training session.Up to 122(99.2%)of the teachers adopted the exercise method in practical teaching.Classroom operation exams[48(96.0%)]and after-class reports[37(74.0%)]were main formative evaluation methods.Single skill exams[38(76.0%)]was the main summative evaluation method.Students’insufficient overall assessment ability[89(72.4%)],responding ability[79(64.2%)],and self-learning ability[74(60.2%)]were the main challenges faced in practical teaching.Conclusions There are certain gaps in teaching faculty,clinical observation and practice,teaching methods and evaluations between the practical teaching in fundamentals of nursing in some undergraduate nursing schools and the‘National Standards’.Competency-oriented practical teaching reform should be carried out to continuously improve the quality of practical teaching under the guidance of the‘National Standards’.