巩义双槐树仰韶房址地坪的原料与制作工艺研究

A preliminary study of the Neolithic relics at Laohudun,Jing'an,Jiangxi

河南巩义双槐树遗址出土的仰韶时期房址地坪为研究该时期建筑技术与石灰类材料的制备工艺提供了重要材料。本文采用材质科技分析与模拟实验手段对其制作原料和工艺进行了研究。结果显示,双槐树地坪的化学成分和物相组成与遗址出土的料礓石制作的模拟样品相似,红外光谱分析则表明双槐树地坪经过人工烧制,温度约在500~600℃。综合以上信息,双槐树遗址先民通过在较低温度下烧制料礓石获取原料,将其粉碎后加入适量的水制成具有5cm以上厚度的地坪。经过埋藏过程中地下水的淋溶,地坪中形成了具有特征的碳酸钙团块结构。本研究显示双槐树遗址先民在制作地坪时未将料礓石煅烧成为石灰,在较低温度下加热的目的可能是使其更加容易破碎,并在一定程度上提升其浇水养护后的强度。

The flooring fragments excavated from the site of Shuanghuishu at Gongyi in Henan province provide important materials for the study of building construction and production technique of lime-based material in the Yangshao period.In this study,scanning electron microscopy combined with energy spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were applied to analyze chemical and mineralogical compositions and microstructure of these flooring samples.FTIR was used to determine their firing temperature.A range of experimental samples were prepared with different recipes and some of them were subjected to artificial weathering and leaching.The results show that the chemical composition and physical structure of the Shuanghuaishu flooring is similar to that of experimental sample made with the loess-doll excavated from the site.FTIR result indicates that it was fired at a temperature of around 500°C.Craftsmen of the Shuanghuaishu site burned the loess-doll at a relatively low temperature and mixed it with water according to a specific ratio to make a flooring of more than 5cm thick.After underground water leaching in depositional process,the characteristic calcium carbonate agglomerate structure formed in the flooring.