汉画艺术中的嫦娥形象新考

On the decorations and their symbolic meaning of the square pot with standing cranes

“嫦娥奔月”是中国古代神话中的经典故事,南阳西关古墓曾出土一件东汉时期的墓顶天文人物画像石,早年被认定为“嫦娥奔月图”,其实应是一幅失偶的女娲擎月图像。本文联系“后羿射日”和“嫦娥奔月”两则神话,在新野樊集汉代画像砖上辨识出了嫦娥形象,从最初的羿妻凡人形象,到窃食不死之药后的人首蛇(龙)尾神人形象,再到奔月后变为月精的蟾蜍形象,都能在汉画中一一得到印证。

Chang'e flying to the moon was a classic tale of ancient China.The image on a pictorial stone from the Xiguan burial,Nanyang,had been identified as Chang'e,which should have been the image of Nvwa indeed.Meanwhile,the authentic image of Chang'e had been unrecognized.The author,by correlating with both the myth of Houyi and that of Chang'e,identifies the Chang'e image on pictorial stones from Fanji,Xinye.It includes each stage of the story of Chang'e,starting from Chang'e being Houyi's wife as an ordinary person,