资本批判与扬弃:马克思的思想及启示

Capital Criticism and Sublation:Marx’s Thought and Enlightenment

社会主义制度下怎样对待资本是新时代马克思主义政治经济学必须研究解决的重大理论和实践问题。在资本主义二重演绎的时代,资产阶级学者与空想社会主义者对资本主义的认识存在局限性和片面性。有鉴于此,马克思从资本作为依托物反映一定社会历史关系的经济形式这一观点出发,深刻诊断出资本式生产实为人类追求美好生活的颠倒反映。资本因不可克服的超越界限与制造界限的冲突,给经济社会良性运转、人与自然友好共生、人的全面发展等带来深重危害。人类既可选择维护资本逻辑的“消极式”扬弃资本路径,更可采用牵引资本服务人发展的“积极式”扬弃资本路径。重视并利用资本文明成果、辩证应对资本二重作用、熟谙资本扬弃的多元性和共同性,分别是马克思资本批判与扬弃思想启发我们对待资本的总体态度、基本思路和现实要求。

How to conduct capital governance under the socialist system is a major theoretical and practical is⁃sue that must be studied and solved in Marxist political economy in the New Era.In the era of dual interpreta⁃tion of capitalism,bourgeois scholars and Utopian socialism have limited and one-sided understanding of capi⁃talism.In view of this,Marx starts from the dialectical perspective that capital is an economic form that reflects certain social and historical relationships through relying on things,and clearly argues that capital based pro⁃duction is actually an inverted reflection of human pursuit of a better life.Due to the insurmountable conflict be⁃tween transcending boundaries and manufacturing boundaries,capital poses serious risks to the healthy opera⁃tion of the economy and society,the friendly coexistence between humans and nature,and the comprehensive development of humans.Human beings can choose to maintain the“negative”path of capital logic,and can also adopt the“positive”path of capital development that drives capital to serve people.Valuing and utilizing capi⁃tal civilization,dialectically responding to the dual role of capital,and being familiar with the diversity and com⁃monality of capital sublation are the overall attitude,basic ideas,and practical requirements inspired by Marx’s thought of sublating capital for us to approach capital.