民粹主义对现行国际法体系的挑战及其效应

Populism and International Legal Order:Challenges and Impacts

西方国家主导的国际法体系的发展与实践正在面临民粹主义的挑战。民粹主义概念模糊,作为意识形态具有尊崇人民、反精英、崇尚直接民主和非制度化的特征。民粹主义对国际投资法、国际贸易法的影响显著,这些影响既有消极的一面,也存在产生积极作用的可能;民粹主义政府在欧洲和美国的实践体现了其对国际法影响的可能性和周期性。国际法转向民粹主义的深层原因在于全球化进程中“全球化失败者”的出现及其产生的特定政治诉求,以及在全球经济发展困境中凸显的现有国际法体系的民主赤字、霸权衰弱等缺陷和特征。国际法的民粹主义转向是对现有国际法体系的反馈和修正,应该认识到全球化的推进和国际法的发展需要更好地平衡社会各阶层的诉求。

The development and practice of the international legal system shaped by Western states is facing the challenge of populism.The concept of populism is vague,and as an ideology,it has such characteristics as respecting the people,anti-elite,advocating direct democracy and non-institutionalization.Populism has cast a significant impact on international investment law and international trade law,which has both negative effects and positive possibilities.The practice of populist governments in Europe and the United States reflects the periodicity of its impact on international law.The underlying reason for international law to turn to populism lies in the emergence of"globalization losers"and their corresponding specific political demands in globalization.Defects and changes in the existing international law system,such as democratic deficits and hegemony weakness,have emerged in the plight of the global economy and further deepened by the populist shock.Nevertheless,the populist development of international law is a chance for feedback and revision of the existing international law system.The advancement of globalization and the development of international law need to better balance the demands of all social classes in globalization.