社会控制理论视域下的暗网犯罪治理研究

On the Governance of Dark Web Crimes from the Perspective of Social Control Theory

作为实用主义犯罪学的三大理论之一,社会控制理论为深入分析暗网犯罪提供了重要的研究视角和理论工具。通过社会控制理论界定“社会联系”的投入、依恋、参与正统活动、信念四个要素,暗网犯罪行为特点可以得到更清晰的呈现,主要包括行为的相对不可追溯性、情感认知的偏激性、时间精力的独占性和极端价值的普遍性。在暗网“匿名”“连接”等特征催化下,目前暗网犯罪尚存在犯罪规制效能较低、犯罪心理预防缺失、犯罪行为限制不足、犯罪亚文化阻断失效等显著问题。在治理路径上,要坚持标本兼治、循序渐进,从提升暗网犯罪规制技战术水平、织密暗网犯罪心理预防网络、建立暗网犯罪行为限制体系、完善暗网犯罪亚文化传播阻断机制等方面着力,以实现暗网犯罪源头治理和系统治理。

As one of the three theories of pragmatic criminology,social control theory provides an important research perspective and theoretical tool for in-depth analysis of dark web crimes.By defining the four elements of"social connection":commitment,attachment,participation in orthodox activities and belief through the theory of social control,the characteristics of dark web crime can be presented more clearly,including the relative untraceability of behavior,the extreme of emotional cognition,the monopoly of time and energy and the universality of extreme values.Under the catalysis of the characteristics of"anonymity"and"connection"of the dark web,there are still some obvious problems in the dark web crimes,such as low efficiency of crime regulation,lack of criminal psychological prevention,insufficient restriction of criminal behavior,and failure of criminal subculture blocking.On the path of governance,we should persist in treating both the symptoms and root causes step by step,and focus on improving the technical and tactical level of regulation of dark web crimes,weaving a dense psychological prevention network,establishing a restriction system,and perfecting the blocking mechanism of subculture communication,so as to realize the source governance and systematic governance of dark web crimes.